Children under 12 Should not Be Introduced to the Internet Essay

Children under 12 Should not Be Introduced to the Internet - Essay Example For this reason, researchers and scholars have not hesitated to state that the internet has become an integral part of the contemporary world. However, science and technology comes at a cost (Staples, 2008, p. 288). The internet causes more harm than benefit to children. Efforts to control activities and content of the internet to children have proved futile since the internet does not belong to any company or state. This paper delineates the dangers that internet poses to children both in social and academic activities. It discovers the risks associated with unsupervised internet use by children. Conspicuous chat rooms, instant messaging and explicit contents are the intermediates that make smooth the progress of the fundamental issues and problems within this topic. In addition, this paper discusses the role of the parents in ensuring their children’s safety in the internet. Unsupervised access to the internet by children under the age of 12 exposes the child to a world of d etrimental dangers that are both physically and psychologically abusive (Livingstone, 2009, p. 23). Arguably, the content in the internet posses a higher danger and risk to children than movies, music and television. Chat rooms and social media have become the areas of interest in exploring the risks exposed to children. In the recent past, cases of abduction, murders and physical and sexual abuses on children have been on the increase. National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (2005, p. 2) has linked the internet as the major cause of these evils. The report notes that 89 percent of sexual solicitations or approaches occur in the internet annually and that 29 percent of all the children who use the internet have been sexually victimized. In addition, the report suggests that 31 percent of girl children have been sexually harassed in a chat room. Debatably, National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (2005, p.13) reported in a research, that more than 4 million child ren between the age of 7 and 17 who use the internet have a higher probability of giving out their home address and their email addresses. It has been reported that 29 percent of all the children under the age of 12 who use the internet would give out their home address if asked while 14 percent would give out their email address if requested (National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children, 2005, p. 14). This has been the primary contributor of child abductions and murders. Reports indicate that children have opted to turn to the internet where their social life cannot be known by their parents. The internet permits private and real time conversations. This has made children succeed in safeguarding and protecting their social life from scrutiny by the parents and adults (Staples, 2008, p. 288). However, this has had more harm than benefit. Children spend a lot f time in the internet and are disconnected from the societal happenings that have for long equipped adolescents into ad ult hood (Strasburger & Wilson, 2002, p. 134). Though researches have portrayed the internet as a revolutionary method of supplementing people’s social lives and civic connections, it has replaced head to head connections with friends and family members. For this reason, the internet has left the youths with no social skills. Staples (2008, p. 289) notes that they

Men of Honor Essay Example for Free

Men of Honor Essay Cosby, B. and Robertson, S. (Producers) Tillman, G. (Director). (2001). Men of Honor [Motion Picture]. United States of American: Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation The movie begins by introducing Master Chief Leslie W. (Billy) Sunday (Robert DeNiro), a US Navy Diver, who has recently gone AWOL. The movie then flashes back 25 years, where an African-American boy named Carl Braschear is watching his father work the plow on their farm. Carl wants to quit school so that he will be able to help work and then prevent the farm from ruin. Carl’s father is against his son being like him and stuck working on a farm. As time passes Carl (Cuba Gooding Jr. ) decides to join the Navy. On the day Carl is leaving for the Navy, Carl’s father gives his son a custom-built portable radio as a memento of home, and tells Carl to be the best, even if it means breaking the rules. Carl winds up working in the kitchens on the USS Hoist in the South Pacific. He and the other African American officer’s joke about the so-called bright future the Navy promised them. Afterwards, Carl and his friends go up on deck where the white officers are swimming (the black crew members are assigned a specific day when they can swim). Carl, tired and hot, decides to jump in the water. The white officers try and chase him down, but Carl out-swims all of them. The ships captain meets with Carl and, impressed with the boys speed, decides to transfer Carl to the search rescue swimmers, a group assigned to rescue anyone who falls overboard on ship. A few days later, the ship is rocked by an apparent crash. Carl assists the others on deck in raising a Navy Diver from the sea floor with the wounded pilot. The Diver is Master Chief Sunday. Carl, having seen Sundays actions as heroic, is inspired and vows to become a Navy Master Diver. Two years later, Carl is reporting for Diving School. Despite the harsh treatments, Carl performs admirably in his training, assembling machinery and adapting to the diving suit with much greater results than a large number of his classmates. Unfortunately, Carl is falling behind in the academic requirements-scoring only a 37 on his first exam. If he fails again, Carl will be kicked out of the program. One weekend, on leave, Carl comes to a library in the hopes of getting a tutor to help him. He meets a young woman named Jo who is studying medicine. Carl stays the entire night at the library reading and learning more about the Navy program. Next morning, Jo is so impressed by his progress that she agrees to help Carl. After diligent studying Carl passed his next exam allowing him to remain in the navy dive program. The time has come and Carl has passed his final exam with a 94, Chief Sunday has been instructed by the Senior Officer at the training to school to do whatever is necessary to prevent Carl from passing the final test. Most of the other recruits are able to complete the project in about 2 hours. Carl remains in the water for 9 hours after having to find all of his components in the excruciatingly cold water; Carl Brashear has passed his final and essentially graduated with honors from Diving School. After waiting several years as a stand by divers, Carl finally is assigned to a ship allowing him to dive. An accident on the ship’s deck causes the lines to snap. Carl shoves several other deck hands aside, but his own leg is caught by the snapped wire. Carl realizes his diving days are over but refuses to give up, he request his leg be amputated. He begins the difficult process of learning to move and act with a prosthetic. Master Chief Sunday pays Carl a visit while in the hospital and encourages him to not give up and they will train together. Two months later, after completing all the difficult tasks Naval Personnel placed before him, he was reinstated to full diving duty. Carl became the first African-American amputee to be on active Navy diving duty, and be promoted to Master Chief. Carl continued in his Naval career for another nine years before finally retiring. Personal Reflection Men or Honor is a movie which offers the viewer a great deal of emotion. Even though I previously watch the movie some years before, I felt this would be the perfect movie based on our studies. Carl, the main actor in the movie was determined to succeed in life. Because of his father’s confidence and determination, Carl wanted a better life. Society consistently provides roadblocks for everyone even those with some type of disability. In each segment of the movie, my feelings bounced between crying and laughing. Each time Carl was faced with an adversity, I found myself getting mad Critical Thought This week’s discussion dealt with Individuals and Disabilities. Over the years, people who have a â€Å"disability have been subjected to prejudice and more. And the first way to diminish someone is through language, by using words or labels to identify a person as less-than, as the others—not like us, and so forth. Once a person has been identified this way, it makes it easier to justify prejudice and discrimination. One of many concepts which caught my attention this week was the importance of putting a person first before the disability. This allows the disability to be in the background while the focus is on the person. Often times, people with disabilities are fighting society to let them know they are not their disabilities. People are not victims due to their disability; people are victims of attitudes and discrimination.

Cultural Context: Alcohol Essay -- Drinking Teenagers Papers

Cultural Context: Alcohol Alcohol has always been a controversial topic in the United States for social, political, and religious reasons. The negative effects of drinking came to the foreground of American concern during the early twentieth century. This was a time of great prosperity followed by the Great Depression. Both of these eras led Americans to turn to or against liquor as the cause or demise of their success. Prohibition marked a change in the American way of life and is best documented by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in their contemporary works. Both of these authors grappled with alcohol use and abuse within their own lives and writing. On 12:01 a.m. on July 16, 1920 the 18th Amendment went into effect, marking the beginning of a thirteen-year period of national Prohibition in the United States. The movement had existed for decades, but it was not until President Wilson and his southern Democrats came to Washington did it get national momentum, (Parrish, 96). Those who were in favor of Prohibition were collectively known as â€Å"the drys.† The group was generally composed of members of two sub-groups: the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League. The Anti-Saloon League considered themselves â€Å"an army of the Lord to wipe out the curse of drink,† (Sann, 26). A large majority of the prohibitionists were church-going, Protestant women from small-towns. The divide in opinion between the cities and the rural and suburban areas was so great that the passage of the 18th Amendment was considered a major cultural victory over large cities (Parrish, 97). The call for temperance was supported by progressive reformers who viewed the â€Å"Devil’s Brew† as the primary source ... ...Company, 1992. p. 95-113 This was the most useful source in understanding the social context of Prohibition, its enforcement, and failure. Sann, Paul. The Lawless Decade. New York : Crown Publishers, Inc, 1957. p. 21-24. 115-120 This book provided background information on the 1920s, the Jazz Age, and the role alcohol played during these time periods as well as the American response to Prohibition. www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=441 This article was extremely helpful in understanding the circumstances during Prohibition and how exactly citizens managed to undermine the law. www.drugtext.org/library/articles/craig103.htm This article emphasized and provided a glimpse into the lawlessness of Prohibition and the operation of speakeasies. www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episode5/topic1/e5_t1_s2-rr.html Cultural Context: Alcohol Essay -- Drinking Teenagers Papers Cultural Context: Alcohol Alcohol has always been a controversial topic in the United States for social, political, and religious reasons. The negative effects of drinking came to the foreground of American concern during the early twentieth century. This was a time of great prosperity followed by the Great Depression. Both of these eras led Americans to turn to or against liquor as the cause or demise of their success. Prohibition marked a change in the American way of life and is best documented by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in their contemporary works. Both of these authors grappled with alcohol use and abuse within their own lives and writing. On 12:01 a.m. on July 16, 1920 the 18th Amendment went into effect, marking the beginning of a thirteen-year period of national Prohibition in the United States. The movement had existed for decades, but it was not until President Wilson and his southern Democrats came to Washington did it get national momentum, (Parrish, 96). Those who were in favor of Prohibition were collectively known as â€Å"the drys.† The group was generally composed of members of two sub-groups: the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League. The Anti-Saloon League considered themselves â€Å"an army of the Lord to wipe out the curse of drink,† (Sann, 26). A large majority of the prohibitionists were church-going, Protestant women from small-towns. The divide in opinion between the cities and the rural and suburban areas was so great that the passage of the 18th Amendment was considered a major cultural victory over large cities (Parrish, 97). The call for temperance was supported by progressive reformers who viewed the â€Å"Devil’s Brew† as the primary source ... ...Company, 1992. p. 95-113 This was the most useful source in understanding the social context of Prohibition, its enforcement, and failure. Sann, Paul. The Lawless Decade. New York : Crown Publishers, Inc, 1957. p. 21-24. 115-120 This book provided background information on the 1920s, the Jazz Age, and the role alcohol played during these time periods as well as the American response to Prohibition. www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=441 This article was extremely helpful in understanding the circumstances during Prohibition and how exactly citizens managed to undermine the law. www.drugtext.org/library/articles/craig103.htm This article emphasized and provided a glimpse into the lawlessness of Prohibition and the operation of speakeasies. www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episode5/topic1/e5_t1_s2-rr.html

B2B and International Exercise

In the conduct of this study, the question that must always be put in our mind is if there is a possibility for the city of Scottsdale and Marrakesh to have a business transaction to improve their economy as a whole. After reading all the necessary materials regarding the economic condition of the two cities, I have learned that Marrakesh has a 55. 5 % rate of share of services in the totality of the city’s GDP. Moreover, Morocco is also known for its industry in mining, food processing, leather goods, textiles and tourism. In terms of their educational attainment level, only 52% of the total population is literate.Its export commodities are mostly clothing, fish, crude minerals, fertilizer, transistors and inorganic chemicals. On the other hand, one of the â€Å"booming† industries in Scottsdale is the business and professional industry that enables them to have an impressive economic growth for the past years. They are also known for their best resorts destinations an d high technologies and bio-technology. Feasibility Study Based from the above facts that I gathered, I could say that there is a great possibility of having business with Marrakesh.In the industry of tourism, since Marrakesh is known for their tourism, Scottsdale could develop resorts in Marrakesh. The high rate of tourists that goes to Marrakesh would serve as an opportunity for the Scottsdale to put up resorts. If this would go to happen, tourists in Marrakesh will continue to increase. At the same time, while benefiting the Scottsdale, the resort that will be established would surely cut the unemployment rate of Marrakesh since jobs will be provided to their citizens and, in the later years, could uplift the poverty rate of Marrakesh (Shagazatova).On the other hand, since there is a high illiteracy rate in Marrakesh, and there are a lot of professionals in Scottsdale like teachers, Scottsdale could invest in establishing schools in the Marrakesh in order to uplift their rate of literacy. The schools that I am referring here are only vocational schools, will also provide basic knowledge regarding literacy, that might be a good help in the booming industry of Marrakesh (Ranis). With this, Scottsdale could also get workers from the schools that they had established. With the median age of 24 years, there would be no doubt that Marrakesh industry is concentrated on the service sector.Most of the companies here must be labor intensive in order to take advantage of the large pool of laborers in the market. Wage rate is expected to be low compared to other countries (Phelps). This is also one of the reasons why it is advantageous to put up a business in Marrakesh aside from its economic opportunities in the current days. Since Scottsdale is well known for its business services, it would be a good decision to establish a service oriented company in Marrakesh. It could be in line with the transistor’s industry or textile industry that can be provided by Scot tsdale to the workers of Marrakesh.Data Gathering and Recommendations Through the suggested strategies above would definitely benefit both of the cities. Marrakesh could take advantage of the job opportunity that Scottsdale’s investors bring with them and the latter could take advantage of the tremendous amount of laborers in Marrakesh as well as the low operational costs in terms of the wage rate. After presenting this paper to the Scottsdale’s officials, data gathering in Marrakesh economic standing should be implemented right away in order to validate the theories that we have cited in this paper.The data’s were then studied by the economic analysts of Scottsdale in order to have an in depth understanding of the current status of Marrakesh and in order for us to be guided in the actions that we are going to undertake. REFERENCES Phelps, Edmund S. â€Å"Low-Wage Employment Subsidies Versus the Welfare State. † 2007. Ranis, Gustav. â€Å"Human Developme nt and Economic Growth. † 2004. Shagazatova, Batir Mirbabayev and Malika. â€Å"The Economic and Social Impact of Tourism. † 2005.

Dead Poets Society and Individualism

Preston Herring English 200 February 6, 2013 Dead Poet’s Society and Individualism In the movie, Dead Poet’s Society, it conveys the thought of individualism and how it can impact your life as a whole in detail. The many conflicts that the characters face throughout the movie demonstrate how the thought of thinking for one’s self is shameful and how being different and sticking out from the crowd is looked down upon. Neil Parry’s suicide for instance illustrates the consequences that can happen when someone’s individual thoughts and feelings are not listened to and authority’s tradition is allowed to prevail against individualism.On the other hand the triumph of the individual thoughts and beliefs may sometimes have a positive outcome like in the case of Knox Overstreet. When Knox becomes obsessed with Chris, without even meeting her, he ends up risking his life to win her heart. In both cases, characters go with their individual thoughts and beliefs to make their choices and stop obeying traditional authority figures. The whole group of friends of Neil Parry and Todd Anderson embark on a trip of finding themselves and individual growth that will have a lasting impact on their futures.Not everybody can have the inner strength to stand up for their individual thoughts. An example is Neil Parry’s unfortunate suicide. When Neil decides to pursue a career in acting rather than in medicine his father, Mr. Parry, is furious. Unemotional by Neil’s extraordinary performance in the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Mr. Parry continues to insist on controlling Neil’s life and dictating his every move. But Mr. Parry’s efforts were in vain. Neil had already experienced freedom once before, a privilege not easily obtained.With this taste of freedom he realizes that he can think for himself and do great things on his own. Neil eventually stands up to his father, but can’t express his opinions and emotions to the increasingly angered old school man that his father is. Rather than continuing to live a life in which he can’t pursue his own true dreams, he decides that the only way to gain control of his situation is by killing himself. Though he lost everything in the process, suicide was the only way for Neil to stand up to his father and live life to the fullest or s Mr. Keating would say â€Å"Carpe Diem†. Through the action of suicide, Neil is taking control of his life decisions and must accept the consequences. Neil’s decision to take his life was a necessary step to find himself, grow as an individual, and realize that he can make his own decisions. On the other side of the story is Knox Overstreet, one who is not afraid to express his own emotions and romances. Knox recognizes the vital importance of individualism when he becomes in love with Chris, a girl that he has never met before and doesn’t even know.Knox, like Neil, recognizes the importance of individual emotion and opinions in guiding him through life and helping him make decisions. Knox decides to risk everything by standing up to her boyfriend Chet in a romantic attempt to win Chris’s heart. His many attempts prove to be effective in the end. Chris does go to A Midsummer Night’s Dream with Knox and even holds his hand. In a way Knox has succeeded, he has won the battle, and he has prevailed over the authority figure Chet.Throughout the movie, there are several examples where characters act with individuality, purposely disobeying traditional authority in order to follow their own dreams. In some cases, these conflicts had positive outcomes like in Knox’s case. In other situations such outbreak of individualism had deadly consequences like Neil. In either case the process of self-discovery and free thinking was bound to happen and after being awarded freedom for the very first time, both Neil and Knox weren’t going to give up th is sense of individuality and free thinking up without a fight.The only place where someone can find out his or her true identity, their true character, is within himself or herself. Neil and Knox’s fearless fight with basic tradition beliefs will forever demonstrate the importance and necessity of finding yourself and individually growing to become a new person that you chose to be and to be a role model and figure to new generations of teenagers to come. Works Cited FitzPatrick, Bill. Action Principles. † Success. org. American Success Institute. 12 Dec 2006 . Long, Tony. â€Å"You Say You Want a Revolution? † [Podcast entry] The Luddite. 06 July 2006. Wired. com. 12 Dec 2006 . Waldo, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"Philosophy of Teaching. † UW. 12 Dec 2006 .

Supply Demand Super Bowl Sunday essays

Supply Demand Super Bowl Sunday essays On January 30, millions of televisions will be tuned in to the American Broadcast Company's live coverage of the Super Bowl. The three hour-plus event draws as many as 130 million viewers at one time. According to NFL Research, sixty eight percent of Super Bowl viewers say they pay attention to the commercials and fifty two percent said they discussed the ads the next day. With so many people watching the event, businesses see the Super Bowl as a golden opportunity to lure in profits by utilizing the commercial air time available. Due to the unlimited wants and limited resources, an economic condition called scarcity results. Another economic principle, called investment, is exemplified in this article. Scarcity is a condition that exists because society has unlimited wants and needs, but there are limited resources for their satisfaction. During the three hour-plus football game, there will be opportunities for large businesses (and even some small businesses who have gambled on this form of advertising) to display their product or service to over a hundred million people. At an even greater expense, some companies are sponsoring pre-game, half-time, and post-game shows. Why does it cost so much money? Commercials during the Super Bowl are very powerful means of advertising. Companies can appeal to a larger audience by advertising during an event that is widely watched among all different groups. The commercials are also quite expensive because of the limited quantity. Advertising during the Super Bowl is a very smart investment. Investment is defined by the sacrifice of current benefits to pursue an activity with expectations of greater future benefits or rewards. Does this apply to the Super Bowl? Yes. Companies will dish out millions of dollars for 30-second blocks of air time. Some companies may even purchase more than that. The short term result is a loss of millions. That money invested in advertising, however, should ...

State Sanctioned Intimacy

State Sanctioned Intimacy Introduction The state plays a major role in defining the lives of people based on formulated legislature. As such, our general behavior and character is to some extent detected by the state in order to avoid contradiction of the existing law. This is quite important in ensuring that citizens adopt norms that are not only acceptable but also which are enshrined and supported by the state regulations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on State Sanctioned Intimacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in addressing this issue, the epicenter of the discussion has always tried to understand the boundaries within which state operations ought to operate. The essay begins by defining intimacy and seeks answer as to whether our intimate relationships be controlled by the state? Is private life part of a state affair? Can sanctions be imposed based on one’s intimate associations? These are examples of issues addressed i n this paper which analytically expounds on some of the consequences of state sanctioned intimacy. Public Life Intimacy is understood as a flimsy form of communication, it can be defined as the close and the warm relationship and which in most circumstance is private and personal and belongs to an individual’s deepest nature. Intimacy is conventionally applied in romantic coexistence and it is defined in terms of feelings and emotions. Intimacy varies based on the degree of the relationship. Intimacy is expressed in both heterosexual and homosexual relationship. Intimate relationships are viewed by majority of people as private engagements which solely affects the lives of the parties which are directly involved. On the other hand, it has been arguably noted that sometimes whatever is perceived to be private may find its way into the public with considerable impact. An understanding of public affairs and what legally falls outside the jurisdiction of our private lives is esse ntial and consequential. In explaining this concept, Warner argued that public refers to a sense of social totality within the society. It may refer to people organized in states, commonwealth or some form of community with a wide variation of differences (Warner, 2002, p. 49). It therefore includes all individuals within the organized space of discussion. Warner further noted that a group of people may have its own organized structures independent of existing state institution, citizen frameworks and law. Similarly, it may be considered sovereign with regard to the functioning of the state.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his 2002 survey, Warner further echoed that common interests exist in the public domain, an element that is profound significant in formation of associations and relationships. What of intimate interests? Do they form part of the public? Private Li fe and the State Throughout human history, there have existed laws which criminalize intimate relationships among people of either same or opposite sex orientation. Extreme cases of such ideologies have led to brutal persecution and discrimination. According to Dominica Central Newspaper articles published mid this year, there are countless laws which criminalize private lives of people in the world with double emphasis being put on their sexuality. Such laws whether public or private undermine development progress towards democracy, peace and security (Dominica Central Newspaper, 2011). Criminalizing Same Sex Intimacy Same sex relationships are intimate in a manner that they emanate from strong affection and attraction between two parties. There have been bans imposed on these relationships in most parts of the world thus leaving victims in a state of societal seclusion.In addition, sanctioning of intimate relationship significantly affects the relationship of the affected people w ith the rest of the society (Dominica Central Newspaper, 2011). How many employers would be willing to hire a person who is known to be a lesbian or gay when the government has outlawed such relationships? Queer Minority According to Gregg’s argument, discrimination of the queer minorities in Australia affects the lives of many. Together with the black communities, they face widespread segregation form the state making them susceptible (Gregg, 2007, par. 3). She concurred with Berlant who affirmed that the conservative nature of the American people had played a major role in shaping the mind and attitude of people towards the minorities. According to Berlant, the intimacy of people is sacred, proper and is only meant for family members (Berlant, 1997, p. 2). The main consequence of such a notion is that it transforms the primary role of politics as a conservation tool to a judgment mechanism that targets the private life of the society.Advertising We will write a cust om essay sample on State Sanctioned Intimacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore clear that the state which represents heteronormative culture may use crude and inhuman strategies to enhance change of culture that denies both federal and judicial support as they are viewed unethically fit for their existing citizenship (Gregg, 2007, par. 4). In addition, segregation of people with different sexual orientation continues to undermine hundreds if not thousands of Australians who lack state recognition and support. In her 2007 research, Gregg identified a list of ways in which same sex couples are discriminated in the contemporary society. Among these included but not limited to social security, compensation, children bearing and work and taxation (Gregg, 2007, par.11). These contribute to the continuous mundane treatment of people engaged in state-sanctioned intimacy. Furthermore, encounters with gays indicate that their fight agai nst discrimination does not target making them special in the society but equal with the rest of the population (Gregg, 2007, par.12). They believe that that they are hated not because of being in love but because of their sexuality and whom they have chosen to share intimacy with contrary to the state’s wish. It is however important to double emphasize the fact that individual’s sexual relationships determine their intimate decisions. Among the facts generated by debates on sexuality and intimate relationships is the fact that feelings tend to be natural and an artificial intention to eliminate such feelings would contravene human rights. In this perspective many authors and researchers have tried to explain marriage structures within the context of monogamy and polygamy. Is polygamy unethical or should the campaign against monogamy be intensified? Why do people cheat in marriage? The question of the state’s intervention in such cases has always triggered contr oversial stances within the public domain. In her 2010 analysis, Wood focused on the issue of infidelity and why millions of married couples sign up for online dating sites. Love and intimacy are personal decisions and the choice to move out of a relationship could arise when such affection dies (Wood, 2007, par. 19).Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the founder of ashleymadison.com, the tendency of people having extramarital affairs is so common that running a dating website alone would not promote the spread of the behavior. This questions the legality of having state-sanctioned intimacy as it contradicts natural feelings of humanity which are expressed through loving others (The Marriage Debate, 2007). Monogamy and Intimacy According to Rosa (1994), compulsory heterosexual relationships do not represent a complete package of addressing sexuality in a contemporary society. Monogamy requires that both lesbians and heterosexuals have to consider adopting a lifestyle that is far beyond sexual relationships (Rosa, 1994, p. 106). She argued that the push for anti-monogamy aims at addressing the rights of people like gays and lesbians who may have not subscribed to heterosexuality. If the theory of family only recognizes mothering women and child bearing, then it does not appreciate the existence of childless women and lesbians who live among us. It is possible to live a complete life without necessarily having to bear children as perceived by the society today. As analyzed by Rosa, love is independent of any social interference or state sanctions since it emanates from individualized feelings towards others. Nevertheless, the society does not recognize those who express their intimacy outside the context of heterosexual relationships. She further noted that love exists in variations mainly depending on whom the feelings are being directed to. This ranges from family members to non biological friends. As such, romantic love between women simply signifies strong affection and intimacy as experienced by those in monogamous relationships. In a general perspective, enjoying intimacy has been perceived to be unlawful resulting into sanctions by the state or negative attitude from the public. However, intimacy can equally be enjoyed without cheating. How possible can this be? Through relationships and p artnerships, men and women share romantic feelings. Singlehood can also be enjoyable in allowing individuals to derive comfort from their inner being. Additionally, serial monogamy illustrates how intimate partnerships form important components of individual lives and deserve no state-sanction (Easton Liszt, 1997, p. 50). As deduced from above segments, sexual persecutions exist in various ways in not only Australia but in most parts of the world. In fighting for the rights of asylum refugees, discrimination of people based on their sexual orientation dominates the issue. It explains how refugees experience intimate relationship through queer practices defining their individual sexuality. Gay Marriages Gay unions which fall in the category of same sex marriages invoke reactions across the plane. Although many states have gone ahead to ban these relationships, some analysts approach the issues differently. Lindenberger argued that the definition of marriage does not consider the rig hts of gays in recognizing their existence and rights. To realize equality between the gays and straight, both need to be recognized as civil unions (Lindenberger, 2010). According to Bernstein and Schaffner (2005), gay marriages which have been sanctioned by several states can provide room for those involved to assume gender roles as they share their intimacy. Protection of these marriages does not primarily target the existence of equal rights but guards an institution which promises nothing but intimacy in life (Bernstein Schaffner, 2005, p. 240). Consequences of State Sanctioned Intimacy State sanctioned intimacy has several consequences. These consequences may be positive or negative. The consequences of state sanctioned intimacy can have adverse effect individually and society wise. All these are explained in the following subsequent sub-sections. Positive Consequences The society generally views homosexuals as unfit to not only offer their professional services but also to i nteract with other people. As a result, they become inactive in the society and eventually unproductive to a level of not being able to meet their needs. Moreover, there exists no category of persecution based on the sexuality of a person regardless of their origin (Raj, 2010). Australia recognizes sexuality as a form of persecution although this has been met with the challenge of defining a social group within which this recognition applies. Negative Consequences Criminalization and debates on homophobic societies have triggered discrepancies with most people including leaders making statements which completely undermine and belittle the rights of these people as human beings (Herzfeld, 2005, p. 50). How does this affect the society? When the state or states agents fail to consider the wider space to exercise one’s sexuality, the ultimate effect is predominantly felt by the victims. This may also apply when the state prohibits certain aspects of human sexuality say, lesbiani sm or gay marriages. Although ignored by some people, researchers do concur that there are millions of people who silently suffer as a result of such inflammatory statements and regulatory approaches towards sexuality and intimate relationships. Because of existing attitudes, women have continuously been forced into heterosexuality unions making them vulnerable to sexual abuse and inability to experience their intimacy with those they love. In discussing the issue of lesbianism and heterosexual relationships, Rosa reiterated that friendships among women have received negative press. This has led to the neglecting of the sexual rights of women as bounded by intimacy. It therefore means that having intimate feelings among women does not insinuate promiscuity and casual sex behavior but a response towards natural feelings of love (Rosa, 1994, p. 106). As a direct impact of sanctioned intimacy, many people find themselves poor and dependent. This does not originate from the fact that em ployers ignore them. Rejection from family members is common rendering them homeless and desolate. Similarly, medical care and food may become a major problem leading to starvation and inability to live a normal life. Encompassed with denial of employment and homelessness, victims of state-sanctioned intimacy become vulnerable to countless risky situations including drug abuse and irresponsible sexual behavior that may lead contraction of HIV and other related infections (Dominica Central Newspaper, 2011). Conclusion It is evident from the above discussion that intimate relationships play a pivotal role in the society. Intimacy is believed to be away of sharing love which is a major ingredient in social bonding and partnerships. As a matter of fact, love has been used as a marketing strategy by several organizations resulting into improved performance (Gregg, 2011, par. 3). Nevertheless, the political power of love remains threatened by states, families and corporations which do not appreciate it. In harnessing singularities, love gives identity which forms the basis of social relationships. The immense support and emphasis which is put on marriage illustrates change in discourses under capitalistic politics (Povinelli, 2006, p. 190). Intimate relationships mean deflection from material possessions. In general, intimacy is not only a complex concept but important in determining social unions. It is founded on principles of natural strong affection. As a result, sanctions by the state undermine citizens’ sexuality rights. References Berlant, G. L. (1997) The queen of America goes to Washington city: essays on sex and citizenship. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Bernstein, E Schaffner, L. (2005) Regulating sex: the politics of intimacy and identity. London, UK: Routledge. Dominica Central Newspaper. (2011) State Sanctioned Homophobia Undermines Citizenship Security. Web. Easton, D. Liszt, C. (1997) The Ethical Slut: A Guide to Infinite Se xual Possibilities. Emeryville, California: Greenery Press. Gregg, M. (2007) Normal Homes. Web. Gregg, M. (2011) The Break-Up: Hardt and Negri’s Politics of Love. Journal of Communication Inquiry. University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Web. Herzfeld, M. (2005) Cultural intimacy: social poetics in the nation-state. London, UK: Routledge. Lindenberger, M. A. (2009) A Gay-Marriage Solution: End Marriage? Web. Povinelli, E. A. (2006) The empire of love: toward a theory of intimacy, genealogy, and carnality. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Raj, S. (2010) Displaced subjectivities: the queer refugee body in law. Web. Rosa, B. (1994) Anti-monogamy: Radical Challenge to Compulsory Heterosexuality. Challenges for Feminism. London, UK: Taylor Francis. The Marriage Debate. (2007) Should State-Sanctioned Marriage Exist at All? Web. Warner, M. (2002) â€Å"Public and Private†. Public Culture Winter 14(1): 49-90. Web.

Dental Essay Writing Tips

Dental Essay Writing Tips For individuals interested in going to dental school, the admissions process can be a bear. From the written application to the dental essay, applying to dental school is just as difficult as applying to any medical program. Fortunately, I have a bit of experience in proofing dental statements and would like to offer some suggestions on how I believe you can write a stellar one. The biggest piece of advice I can offer towards writing dental papers is to get personal. The biggest mistake that you can make when composing a personal statement is to remain detached. A personal statement is called such because it is supposed to be about you! Write about specific personality traits that you possess use detailed life experiences to get your point across do whatever it takes to express your individuality. While it is important to be intimate in your essay, it is also crucial to deliver that intimacy in a professional package. While dental admissions directors want a glimpse into your personal life, they do not want to read a page that appears to have been ripped from your diary. Use discretion when writing your paper. Be real, be candid, but write it respectfully. A dental essay differs from other college admissions programs only in field. The same attention to detail, information, and individual voice is required. For more information about medical school essays or if you would like help in writing your nursing essay, please access the link provided. This link will direct you to an excellent personal essay resource where you can find help, tips, and info.

Corporate social responsibility reporting Essay

Corporate social responsibility reporting - Essay Example CSER also commonly plays a central role in presenting a good picture of corporate accountability. For a long time now, CSER has been used as the best tool to encourage corporate strategies, policies and management decisions aimed at minimization of adverse environmental impacts of companies’ operations (UNEP, 1998). Since the development of the practices of corporate social environmental reporting in the early 1990s, the reporting has largely been accomplished through communications or disclosures within annual company reports. The disclosure provides information about the environmental (social) policies and practices and the impacts of the reporting company to the environment in which it operates. According to Deegan (2007), corporate social and environmental reporting has developed and become widespread over the past three decades, with these developments the disclosures by some companies have become more extensive to communicate and thus companies often publish the disclosu res in a separate social and environmental report. Corporate social and environmental reporting has grown particularly because of two main factors. Both factors are borne out of the fact that businesses and companies operate within the physical environment and space that is owned by society. First, Companies produce CSER reports to enhance their corporate image as a marketing tool. The second factor that influences the growth of CSER reporting is the increasing legal requirement by governments across the world for such disclosures to be made for the good of the environment (Yip et al., 2011). This paper examines whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports provide shareholders and stakeholders with useful information on corporate social and environmental performance or are they merely a public relations tool to benefit the Companies. Evolution of Corporate Social Environmental Reporting (CSER) It is estimated that reporting on social and environmental issues has been done b y Companies ever since financial reporting started. This is largely because environmental reporting has been required to meet regulatory obligations (Sutantoputra, 2009). Social and environmental issues, including material costs of regulatory compliance and probable losses due to litigation were disclosed since the early years of corporate annual reports for purposes of financial accountability. However, in the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the public demand for social and environmental information from Companies. This has largely been driven by increasing public awareness, pressure from stakeholders, and social concern on environmental disasters and fair labor practices (Rahman et al., 2005). Although the demand for corporate social and environmental reporting has greatly increased in the past three decades, it is evident that public concerns about environmental issues related to production started as far back as the mid 1960s (Yip et al., 2011). At t hat time, claims that technological advances and rapid depletion of resources were adversely affecting the environment led to calls for increased accountability from the corporate community. It is at this time that activist groups and Non-Governmental Organizations such as Greenpeace came up to help in the public push towards more accountability by companies. In the early 1970s, companies began implementing social and environmental goals and making public their findings, CSR became introduced about this time. The two decades between 1970 and 1990 served as the first

Richmond Park - Playground & Horse Track Management plan Research Paper

Richmond Park - Playground & Horse Track Management plan - Research Paper Example Most important of these are the actual physical transformations of the park contributed by additional installation of facilities, buildings and the cultivation of additional trees and animals. For instance, drainage has been added and that buildings are constantly being built, renovated or torn down as new replacements are erected. The park has also seen massive tree planting initiatives, the introduction of deer farming and game preservation. By the turn of the twentieth century, the park has been opened to the public and the ensuing transformation during this period was mostly done to accommodate the invasion of people and traffic. These changes, however, were always faithful to what the park has stood for in years of existence. In 1843, Rowton commented that â€Å"the utter quieted and solitude that reigns in its distant recesses – the poetical character of its scenery, its softy swelling lawns, its noble trees, its placid lakes, and the herds of deer that wander, its nobl e trees, its placid lakes, and the herds of deer†¦ all combine to render it a place to those who would see nature in her sunny and poetic garb.† (p187) This observation still rings true today. Thanks to the meticulous management of the successive park administrations despite the different issues and challenges they faced during their times. One could consider the Richmond Park’s continuous development as some form of evolution that is required in order for this outstanding public space to survive. Indeed, it is still very much in use today and is actually considered by many as an island of natural landscape, and a remnant of old England, deserving of recognition and preservation. The changes have been and will be endured through the initiatives guided by the successive management plans such as the one being outlined by this paper. Introduction: Today, Richmond Park is still the largest of all the Royal Parks in the United Kingdom occupying more than a total of 955 hectares. It is situated in South-West London in Richmond-upon-Thames. The outer fringes of the parkland are bordered by mostly residential and commercial areas, in addition to other public spaces such as the local Boroughs and the Wimbledon Common Conservators. Its main utility lies in its facilities for passive recreations and activities for visitors. For example, the park boasts of an educational centre, cafe, golf courses, ballet school, several refreshment points and the Pembroke Lodge, which could accommodate staying visitors as well those who want to avail of its conference facilities. It is important to underscore that the Park is part of the chains of spaces that are open to the public, strategically placed in West London. The Park is also an internationally significant location because of its nature conservation value. It is specifically recognized for its work on wildlife, particularly in areas of sanctuaries, the preservation of its grasslands as well as its existing san ctuaries for biodiversity. Currently, it has numerous local and national designations such as being part of the English Heritage Register of Parks and Garden of Special Interest, a Site of Specific Scientific

Equality and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equality and Diversity - Essay Example On the other hand diversity is used as a contrast to equality or an addition. It brings out the fact that individuals are recognized, besides group differences, directing positive value on the existing diversity in the community, and treating people as individuals. Therefore, diversity depicts an array of characteristics and conditions. In terms of children set up, it involves identifying and valuing the benefits of all individuals enabling them to fulfill their potential irrespective of their backgrounds. This is because diversity incorporates both the non-visible and the visible differences. Diversity encompasses the idea of respecting other individual’s differences basing on race, culture, national origin, region, ethnicity, socio-economic differences, family structure, and health values. Inclusion on the other hand is all about fellow children staff, visitors and administration. It actually involves the removal of barriers to learning and participation. Inclusion therefore promotes equality and eliminates discrimination. Embracing of diversity, equality, and inclusivity brings forth the proper upbringing of children with varied ideas, experience, and creativity whilst giving every child the opportunity to develop individually. ... se equality and diversity is vital as we are living in an increasingly diverse society thus the need to respond sensitively and appropriately to the issue of diversity. Each school is to set out a frame work of policies which stipulates the procedures and guidelines for ensuring equality. Therefore, before exploring the policies in a school gaining understanding of the relevant legislation and their purpose is important. The rights of all children are enshrined in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). In addition other legislations that affect children include; Children Act (1989); Children Act (2004); Education Act (1996); Sex Discrimination Act (1975); Race Relations Act (1976) Race Relations (Amendment) Act (2000) and Amendment Regulations (2003); Disability Discrimination Act (1995); and finally The Equality Act (2010)(Casey, 2005:45-59). Discussion Bradford Play Strategy Group was a voluntary group tasked with working with over 600 children age d 5 years and above to 22 years. This is because the above age bracket is highly vulnerable to injustices of equality, diversity and inclusion. The organization had 80 play practitioners and various agencies that took part in the communities’ goal of alleviating discrimination to disabled children, ethnicity and sampling different playing facilities and commenting on their experiences. The staff was recruited from diverse cultural backgrounds. Was ensured that the staff had adequate training on equality legislation and inclusion for play or childcare and had the challenge of putting this training in practice. This ensures that the staffing is composed of a multi disciplinary team. To ensure inclusion and equality it is very important to parents and also it builds links with the community

Final Project Milestone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Final Project Milestone - Essay Example This book also deals with radicalism revolving round and throbbing on a platform of religion. The book â€Å"Milestone† also focuses on issue concerned with politics yet religion cannot be completely separated from the topical discussion within the context of the book. The issues of politics and religion operating hand in hand is a very commonplace idea but the representation of this serious issue in an unique style because the execution in 1964 for the cause of a movement and establishing a moral, social order and attainment of justice, Qutb gave his life. A document written just few years before his death bears some strong arguments which are innovative and novice at any level and therefore, the book indeed is a milestone in the cannon of political books. Like the name of the book, it bears quite a few epoch making doctrines pertaining to Islamic radicalism and its effect and implementation in the western countries, which made it very much true to its name. Whether with the translated name of â€Å"Milestone† or often known with the name of Signposts, the book is unique in its style, content and representation. The book is a burning document on the issues like racial equality and

Discussion question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Discussion question - Assignment Example The model looks to the safety of patients, and their care as far as health coordination system is concerned. It also oversees the provision of self-management skills to the patients (Stellefson, Dipnarine & Stopka, 2013). The chronic care model is being used to care for diabetes patients in the United States in the basic care setting. The model is supposed to measure the indicators of the disease for example self-efficacy for disease management and clinical decision-making. It is designed address the needs of people suffering from chronic diseases. Stellefson, Dipnarine and Stopka (2013) insist that there is a need for increased skills in the management of chronic diseases. And more so in the primary care setting where there is much need for a better leadership and quality caregiving and also improved practice. Advanced Practice Nurses are well suited in this area because they have skills and can address the nature of chronic diseases that require complex

Final Project Milestone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Final Project Milestone - Essay Example This book also deals with radicalism revolving round and throbbing on a platform of religion. The book â€Å"Milestone† also focuses on issue concerned with politics yet religion cannot be completely separated from the topical discussion within the context of the book. The issues of politics and religion operating hand in hand is a very commonplace idea but the representation of this serious issue in an unique style because the execution in 1964 for the cause of a movement and establishing a moral, social order and attainment of justice, Qutb gave his life. A document written just few years before his death bears some strong arguments which are innovative and novice at any level and therefore, the book indeed is a milestone in the cannon of political books. Like the name of the book, it bears quite a few epoch making doctrines pertaining to Islamic radicalism and its effect and implementation in the western countries, which made it very much true to its name. Whether with the translated name of â€Å"Milestone† or often known with the name of Signposts, the book is unique in its style, content and representation. The book is a burning document on the issues like racial equality and

Global Economic Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Economic Crisis - Essay Example According to Ernhardt and Brighams 2010 book, the downgrade of T-bonds has the potential to cause a disastrous economic situation across the country. A single step down in credit rating is often a bad sign for future rating decisions, and so the US would be at a greater risk of gradually falling into economic despair. As the dollar continues to drop in worth, foreign investors like those in China would predictably respond by trading their US T-bonds for domestic currency to conserve value. The response would add to pressure on the dollar, further weakening it, and continuing a vicious cycle that could result in the complete collapse of the US economy. Since the writing of the previously mentioned book the US T-bond has experienced the first downgrade by an investor watchdog agency, and as of now the country has not crumbled into economic obscurity. However, the country remains financially compromised and may be yet to experience the first ripples of the effects predicted by the

Write An Article For Magazine Essay Example for Free

Write An Article For Magazine Essay I am reporting as both a child psychologist and a concerned parent, on the matter of the content of teenage magazines. My own daughter made me aware of this issue when I decided to look through one of her Bliss magazines; I discovered what kinds of stories were printed in them and others teenage magazines such as sugar. I was both shocked and concerned by the material printed in the teen mags and decided that I should write this article to inform other parents of the content of them. The magazines I researched were; Bliss which is aimed at 14-17 year olds and Sugar which is aimed at 13-19 year olds, considering the graphic and persuasive nature of the content of these magazines, this seems, to me, to be an inappropriate age range. Advertisement Archive The magazines are over-spilling with desirable products, which is yet another attraction for teenage girls. On average the magazines contain 17. 5% of advertisements of up-to-date fashion items such as clothes, shoes and fragrances. Some of the products are far too expensive for a teen budget; endless pages of shoes and make-up are sending the wrong signals to impressionable young girls. It tells them that expensive frocks and loads of make-up is what they should have to be in. How many of you have heard the line but mum I need it all my friends have got one. Why? Because like their friends they have been influenced by the media and manipulated into thinking they need named brands to look and feel good. Cheaper high street brands have been advertised more frequently on television, these magazines should adopt the same tactic. This would make teenagers feel more comfortable wearing high street brands and prevent parents from feeling inadequate for not being able to provide the latest Gucci handbag. Real Life Horrors I was kidnapped and sold to a brothel Bliss December 2006 My midnight escape from a sick cult Sugar December 2006; these are just some of the shocking headlines which featured in the magazines I looked at. Is this the kind of literature you thought your daughter was reading? These are not the kind of real issues I would have thought of as appropriate for the 13 year old readers of these magazines. Some of the stories I read, including the ones I have already mentioned, incorporated some vulgar and sometimes quite disturbing details such as as I came round, I vomited on the floor. My head hurt and I was bleeding between my legs the story continued along the same lines in a very descriptive manner. Stories such as these rarely occur in real life and are scare mongering, and can be very disturbing for young readers. These articles do often include help lines enabling teenagers to contact an adult, however I think it highly unlikely that these articles would relate to an average British teenage girl. Though these stories are not stories that teenage girls relate to, they seem very interested in them. This makes me very uncomfortable as a parent and as a child psychologist as I find it difficult to associate the interest in such horrendous articles, to the other interests of the average teenager. I think that stories that relate to the more common occurrences in a teenagers lifes, such as sporting achievements and charities, which they could get involved in would be more appropriate. Picture Perfect All the magazines feature flawless models, dressed to impress on the front covers, with headlines such as 184 a-list model looks and sexiest party fashion. To my 14-year-old daughter and young girls like her, these images are ones that they aspire to. With pictures coupled with the headlines, the covers entice them into the materialistic fashion obsessed world of the a-list celeb. The immaculate appearance of the models is simply not a realistic view of an average teenager, theyre even often air-brushed; the images portrayed could make young girls feel inadequate purely because of natural teenage blemishes. Maybe images of everyday teens would provide a more pragmatic outlook to ordinary girls. The covers are plastered in bright coloured text in varying fonts and offer various stereotypical girly gifts such as pink lip-glosses for that perfect pout. These eye-catching fonts and free gift offers draw the young reader in, encouraging them to buy the over-priced magazines. The magazines are about i 2. 50 each which I would consider to be fairly expensive for a teenager as they usually buy several of these magazines with their pocket money, which is typically in the region i 5 to i 10. To me, as a parent, such magazines would be more acceptable if they were at a more reasonable price and featured fewer stories about celebrities shocking secrets, and more about achievements and real issues.

Operations And Supply Chain Management At Hp Business Essay

Operations And Supply Chain Management At Hp Business Essay The biggest challenge facing the Vancouver manufacturing plant was that for the rest of Hewlett Packard, there was no problem; When it comes to real dollars, inventory costs do not enter into the P L statements, but losses hurt our revenues. Dont talk to us about inventory-service trade-offs. Period. Vancouver was held up as a model of efficiency (Kanban) and the DeskJet printer range was a runaway success. A culture of territorialism and poor communication exacerbated the lack of urgency. Damaging internal rivalry was rife as a result of disjointed an myopic decision-making in the absence of any truly global approach to the supply chain key performance indicators (KPIs); the bullwhip effect was writ large all over the firms supply chain. The problems brewing were real and mounting and we argue that the best solution would require a fundamental overhaul of HPs production and supply chain resulting in the need in the short term to redesign its global supply chain and in the medium te rm to establish new manufacturing plants in Europe. The consumer electronics industry is the very embodiment of [key] aspects of supply chain management and related risks, (Sohdi, 2004), due to the short product lifecycles, tough competition, and global nature of the business. The DeskJet printer business presented a new challenge for HP as the firms expertise was in highly customized, low volume, and long lead-time manufacturing and supply chain. In DeskJet, high volume, short product lifecycles, and high obsolescence risk were the name of the game. Printers were in transition from an innovative product to a functional product but the supply chain did not reflect this. HP used OEMs to source components and then did their own assembly. HP made high margins on the cartridges, and the printer was the conduit. HPs success in Europe was beginning to rival the home market in sales, adding further complications due to the need to modify power sources and languages for local markets. In Europe, product option AB had the highest monthly mean demand, and demand was more dispersed over the options than in North America, where virtually the entire sales were in option A. Monthly standard deviation in demand for the popular options was quite high at +- 30%. Even more importantly, the company was holding large and expensive safety stock due to the long shipping lead times and the prohibitive cost of air freight. The success of HPs DeskJet printer range in spite of an un-optimized supply chain suggests that there were significant potential gains in profitability if the right solution were found. In addition, despite high inventory levels, stock-outs were still occurring, threatening the most precious asset of all in the highly competitive printer market: customer loyalty and sentiment. Questions of internal efficiency and customer fulfilment had to be evaluated against the backdrop of a rapidly growing printer market, which was exploding along with the proliferation of desktop PCs. Despite organizational inertia and competing priorities, a number of avenues were open to HP at the time, including inventory management-the benefits of postponing final assembly-product design, and the improvement and globalization of Just In Time processes. We examine each and delve deeper into the business and customer benefits of launching a production site in Europe to fully capitalize on the surge of the printer market. The market is evolving rapidly and needs a strategic realignment of its supply chain. Creating a European manufacturing facility, plus integrated financial performance and risk management (Hahn Kuhn, 2009) will also improve shareholder returns (by improving inventory management and hence cash flows) and will mitigate risk. Postponement strategy To be successful the DeskJet supply chain must match customer demand. It must be in the zone of strategic fit, with a better match in Europe between responsiveness and uncertainty. It must integrate sales, manufacturing, distribution, and operations. Postponement is a solution to support future DeskJet expansion in Europe and to meet European demand. A successful postponement strategy requires significant degrees of cohesion; departmental barriers will need to be brought down, processes restructured and products redesigned. However, the rewards of implementing a successful postponement strategy are great. HP is not without challenges to implement a successful postponement strategy. Significant organisational change and coordination would be required. As Pagh and Cooper state (1998), The notion of postponement is to maintain the product in a neutral and noncommittal status as long as possible in the manufacturing process. In order to support this, characteristics of the DeskJet that have to be localised should be added at the last moment. Standardising the DeskJet would make inventory management and forecasting easier. It is also a way to allow cost-effective end user customisation. By creating customisation, additional lines can be introduced and consumer needs are met more easily. Customisation will assist HP in differentiating itself and in capturing the market. Based on Cooper (1993), we propose the use of the deferred packaging postponement strategy. The DeskJet peripherals are not common to all markets whilst the formulation is common. Postponement requires tight integration of processes and the formation of a holistic view. In the case of DeskJet printing, redesigning the product to make it more modular will increase manufacturing costs, but would lower the total supply chain costs. A modular design will standardise the design and thus standardise procurement processes. Making the DeskJet design more modular will also limit the inclusion of components that differentiate the product until the latest possible moment. Other benefits of modularity are identified by Feitzinger and Hau (1997), including the ability to manufacture modules separately or in parallel, thereby reducing production time and assisting with problem diagnostics in identifying quality problems. When considering a supply chain strategy, all elements from the design, procurement, manufacture, sales and distribution must be considered in unison. For example, making the DeskJet power supplies universal voltage may be more expensive, but it would provide HP with a more flexible use of inventory and would reduce forecasting errors. Marketing must be involved in the design process to validate that product variety and customisation meet market requirements. Finance must be engaged to provide activity-based costing, (ABC) statistics to support scenario analysis. All stakeholders and their differing viewpoints must be considered in order to build a holistic model of the revised supply chain. Successful postponement requires that organisational boundaries are traversed. HP should work with resellers and distributors to provide some product localisation and customisation tasks. In many cases resellers will require significant support, training, and systems to carry out these tasks. The long term value outweighs the short term investment. In all cases, postponement partnerships must be made on the basis of empirical evidence and having considered the interdependencies of the model. The decision to build European manufacturing capability and interfacing this capability with European distribution is crucial to support DeskJet sales in Europe. We support establishing a European plant as a strategy given European demand. However, in addition to the plant, distribution centres across Europe should be capable of managing product localisation and replenishment of all localisation materials. The before and after supply chain diagrams are shown below. One can see as a result of establishing a European production center. The first step is splitting final assembly and test into two processes in Europe, producing a single standard product without customization at the end of FAT1. In FAT2 we do the customization, localization and packaging. This accommodates product variety in Europe without creating more inventories. We then replicate the manufacturing facility in the U. S. in Europe and we source the supplies as locally as possible in Europe. Opening a new facility in Europe Companies becoming global and enjoying growing revenue and expanding market shares across geographies face an important challenge: inertia. Being agile and being able to react quickly to changing conditions sometimes requires risky decisions in volatile, uncertain environments, and sometimes mandates direct investment in foreign locales. The company must admit that what sustained past success will no longer work and must be adapted. This is the challenge Hewlett Packard faced when the Vancouver facility, which served the U.S. market, at the time HPs largest, could no longer meet the needs of growing overseas markets which were tending to progressively become more important in terms of units sold. (Monthly mean of 23,108 units in Europe vs. 26, 611 units in North America). Hewlett realized that in terms of lead time, inventory optimization, transportation costs, and localization/customization, trying to serve European clients with its U.S. manufacturing facility was not a viable optio n on the medium to long term despite various attempts at technology innovation and optimization, changes in product design, and shifts in its logistic processes; the problem could not be solved. (Transit time by sea takes up to five weeks.) As the European market matured and growth projections were high, it needed first an optimized distribution network in Europe and then ultimately one or more manufacturing locations geographically close to local suppliers and to end customers to compete on a level playing field with local and global competitors. However, selecting the correct locations in which to put one or many distribution centers and manufacturing facilities required performing scenario analysis (Sodhi, 2003) and considering several important criteria in a holistic framework for value-based performance and risk management in [robust] supply chains (Hahn Kuhn, 2009): O Customer and supplier location, concentration and importance: the ideal location is a center of gravity based on weight clustering, transportation cost, the geographical location and relative importance of difference suppliers and customers. Order delivery time is a critical unifying dimension (Tempelmeier, 2001) when selecting a location that serves downstream needs. However, the center of gravity has to be modified by introducing additional constraints as listed below. In other words, optimization under many constraints must be performed. And this has to be done dynamically, including current data and future projections. O Labor: The skills, training, and demographics of the workforce, unemployment trends, productivity, cost of labor, unionization, work regulation, work culture all vary widely across Europe and have to be considered. O Cost and availability of land: The real estate environment of the area under consideration has to be analyzed: sites, building availability, construction cost, regulation, including environmental regulations, the availability and reliability of utilities, local construction companies, and maintenance providers. O Corporate taxes and incentives: taxes are another layer of costs that have to be taken into account. Local authorities and governments may be competing to attract foreign direct investment and job-creating investments, offering tax and other financial incentives which can contribute to returns and lower risks. O Logistical infrastructure: HP needs to evaluate connections to highways, rail transport, and the proximity to airports and seaports, all of which have to be reliable and cost effective. They also have to find credible logistic/transportation partners. O Other criteria include the local climate and exposure to natural disasters. O Finally, the company must provide expatriate personnel to manage the operation and its labor so quality of life issues must factor into the selection of the location. The process of selecting the optimal location is a multi-stage, top-down one, where initial screening produces a short list of countries or regions and then additional and more demanding criteria are added to narrow down the initial list through several iterations until one or two final locations are selected. The benefits of a manufacturing facility in Europe are significant and affect every step in the supply chain which now has a better strategic fit. Physical, financial, and information flows are better aligned. The market is as large as the U.S. but more diverse and will be better served. Raw materials procurement becomes more streamlined. Inventory days fall because one benefit of standardization (with local customization) is that inventory can be moved from one region to another so as to avoid piling up inventory in one region and stock-outs in another (inventory pooling). The chain has moved to more of a push-pull system. Lead times are shorter. Finished product also does not pile up. The cost of manufacturing goes down and since printers were rapidly becoming a commodity product, economies of scale and cost savings are vital since customers choosing between two inkjet printers of equal speed and quality will make their decision based on price and reliability. From a management per spective, handling the supply chain becomes easier since it is optimized to regional needs but still integrated in a global framework that captures the benefits of HPs scale in buying power. The supply chain better serves customer needs and enables the company to grow more effectively in Europe and also is a model for other regions as they develop. The company can better manage its risks; it has reduced its exposure to inventory and transportation risk and improved its ability to manage supply chain supply and demand uncertainties in Europe. (Uncertainty metrics like margins, forecast error, stock-out rates are all lower.) Finally, the improved supply chain should improve shareholder returns since operating margins, asset turns, and cash flow are positively affected. Technology, Data and modelling HP Vancouver division has successfully implemented Kanban, now they need to implement Kaizen. In other terms, they have put in place an effective Just In Time process for a Local supply chain (mainly the U.S.) they need to continuously improve it to cope with what is quickly developing into a global supply chain where clients, distribution centers, manufacturing plants and suppliers are across the globe and have to be optimally interconnected. To that end several opportunities for improvement exist: Cooperating with leading researchers in the field and moving from intuitive/empirical decision making with regard to the supply chain topology to mathematical models, supported by softwares enabling them to model their dynamically changing constraints and find the optimal network of distribution centers, suppliers and manufacturing facilities across the globe. Triggering cooperation along the supply chain by aligning interest of their suppliers, their clients and all internal departments of the company (RD, Sales, finance, human resources, marketing,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) so as to make them an integral part of the extended supply chain and so as to make them actively take part in the redesign of the products, raw material, supply chain and of the bill of material.. This in turn will facilitate data collection, and from there forecasting accuracy. In the light of a supply chain evolving globally, assess other technological tools supporting such an evolution, such as the Implementation of an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning software (ERP). Indeed, this helps in Customer interaction and management including better detailed understanding of customer needs, trends and local preferences, Inventory management and pooling across borders and inventory transparency beyond company frontier (i.e. transparency to customers), optimal supplier selection through a rich, global and continuously updated supplier database, and electronic real-time data exchange with suppliers, thanks to data collected from the extended supply chain stakeholders, surveillance of the competitive environment and the effect it can have on future company product demand by region and finally more accurate measurement of KPIs and performance of the global supply chain. Other Improvement Opportunities As HPs management moves forward, it should take into account the following additional recommendations: O A clear, overarching strategy for Europe needs to be defined and implemented across HPs corporate headquarters. Conflicting and competing corporate interests need to be reconciled with a clearly delineated command and communication structure. A clear company-wide and bottoms-up consensus should be reached about the framework necessary to achieve lasting success in Europe. O HP needs to adopt improved corporate communication and defined spheres of responsibility and accountability across the organization. The case reveals that some of the companys most important technological advancements have been discovered by happenstance. Enhancing its technological advancement process with a more rigorous collaboration and innovation model would render technological and supply chain process improvements less susceptible to chance. For example, common global KPIs on inventory would be a good starting point. O HP should remove organizational barriers to reduce lead time. (Billington Lee, 1992). O The company should establish a dedicated European Localization Management Team to assess current local market trends as well as the viability of the suggestions above. O The company should explore further trade opportunities within the European Union and in Eastern Europe, beyond just the tax and other cost-savings options. O HP should exploit e-commerce, using the internet to take orders and organize distribution. O The company should develop a supply chain risk-management framework to anticipate and mitigate any disruptions. A new or enhanced supply chain is an opportunity to integrate currency risks, cyber attacks, failed communication with suppliersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦terrorismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦non-compliance. (Bosman, 2006). O HP should modify its local marketing strategies based on national and cultural consumer demographics. The marketing and PR teams should also utilize available resources to identify such opportunities and participate within the European supply chain community. O There are green opportunities within the supply chain that could be exploited. Conclusion The HP case is an example of how effective supply chain management requires both a revised management paradigm (strategic change) and more sophisticated tools and techniques (optimization). The postponement strategy is a better strategic fit between the supply chain and HPs product life cycle across the key strategic and competitive variables: innovation, customer service, and cost leadership since printers are rapidly transitioning to maturity. Establishing a manufacturing plant in Europe, a major change in HPs printer supply chain, will improve the companys performance in four critical areas: costs, customer satisfaction, shareholder returns, and risk management. The companys physical flows, financial flows, and information flows will all be more aligned and efficient. After the initial capital cost of establishing the plant, the company should experience substantial cost savings from lower material costs, better predictability, improved supply assurances (no shortages), and lower inventory carrying costs. There is a tight linkage between sales, inventory, and product availability, (Raman et al, 2009), and so customer satisfaction, as measured by lower lead times, reduced variability in demand, fewer stock-outs, and enhanced ability to customize by region, should improve. The company will also position itself for future growth. HP should see the benefit of improved customer satisfaction in rising sales and market share in Europe. Shareholder value will be enhanced by the positive impact the supply chain changes will have on inventory and working capital and hence on operational value drivers like operating margins, asset utilization, and cash flow. Finally, the company will enjoy significant improvements in risk management. (Hahn Kuhn, 2009, referring to others). Certain risks, like being out of stock of a key component or product, will be entirely eliminated. Others can be mitigated through improved ability to contingency-plan and catch problems earlier. Th e company will be able to offload other risks or share them with suppliers and customers. And it will be able to consciously select risks, rather than passively absorbing them. Overall, the revised supply chain and the new manufacturing plant in Europe will be a catalyst for dramatic improvements in HPs operating and financial performance, not just on the Continent, but around the world.

Dangers of Buying Bottled Water Essay -- Food

Water Consider bottled water, have you ever wondered why you bring yourself to spend two to five dollars on a simple bottle of water? Water is one our earth’s very resources, should it be legal to have to purchase water at all? Wouldn’t you consider water a human right? According to TIME, Nestle’ makes $2.2 billion a year off of bottled water. This company and many like it are taking groundwater from local communities at little to no cost, and selling it at inflated prices as â€Å"purified† water. In the state of Michigan, citizens are protesting the outflow of water. They are claiming that groundwater levels are dangerously dropping and becoming unhealthy. When groundwater begins to drop to an unhealthy level that community must begin rationing out water to some how maintain the levels. This leaves children thirsty and mothers frantically trying to find ways to supply such a necessity to their families. It is not fair that these companies, like Nestle’, are permitted to withdraw 210 million gallons of water a year to sell at a profit that is yet to be figured. In this process, sta...

Chemistry Experiment Essay

How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? I had to change the process I did things a little to allow adequate time for the sand and the benzoic acid crystals to dry on the paper towels, and for the water in the paper cup to evaporate from the salt. 2. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The advantage of my original proposed procedure was less time consuming. see more:chemistry matriculation notes semester 1 The disadvantage compared to the one actually used would be the reliability of the information. Giving adequate drying time on an experiment in which you are weighing something is crucial. 3. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? The sand absorbed some of the water and expanded, or some of the components in the sand is part of another mixture and you did not extract all the components from the original sand correctly. 4. What were potential sources of error in the experiment? Several things could go wrong with this experiment. I think the hardest part and biggest source of error is extracting each substance from the mixture and weighing it by itself. You have to be careful to extract each substance correctly or you will get the wrong weight. Conclusion: Weighing all the substances as one should weight the same as weighing them each separate and adding them together.

Education For All In Cambodia Education Essay

In nowadays universe matter, the provinces are seeking to vie the power with each other non merely by the military capableness like in the past clip, but they are most likely to vie in the economic development. Meanwhile the economic development of a state is chiefly contributed by many factors such as human resources, capital resources, engineering, and the authorities policyaˆÂ ¦etc. Human resources is the of import standards in the development of a state since engineering and authorities policy come from the human resourcea†Ã‹â€  educated people. Therefore, it means that instruction is really indispensable for the state development. Anyways, for a freshly become developing state such as Cambodia, better instruction is a critical sector for the authorities to accomplish in order to bring forth human resources for develop the state. The organisations such as, UNICEF, UNESCO, and the MDG has a strong relationship with the instruction for all in Cambodia. Before explicating the relation between those organisations and the instruction in Cambodia, we should hold a glimpse on the history of instruction. The traditional instruction in Cambodia was derived from local Wat ( pagoda ) that pupils were taught by bonzes. All pupils were male childs while misss were non allow traveling to Wat School. Many Wat Schools was besides called Pali schools that provided three old ages of simple instruction that pupils could take entryway into the Buddhist lycees and go on to Buddhist University in Phnom Penh. Many topics such as Pali of Buddhist and Khmer philosophy, Kampuchean history, geographics, scientific discipline, civics, , hygiene, mathematics and agribusiness were taught in the school ( instruction in Cambodia ) . Until 1863, when Gallic forced to protectorate Cambodia, owed to the fiscal and managerial grounds made French paid less attending to the reforming of instruction system in Cambodia while the program was made without any actions wer e taken. Under the Gallic associated state, Khmers were compelled to analyze in neighbouring states or in France, but in 1944 there was still merely one Khmer applied scientist in whole state. In add-on to that, because of the revenue enhancement policy made the people preferred their kids to remain at place and gain money to provide for their household populating instead than allowed their kids to travel to school to acquire cognition. On contrary, the station independency period was a aureate epoch of instruction development in Cambodia ; meanwhile, the instruction system was spread widely. King Sihanouk raised the profile of instruction by doing attending compulsory for the immature and actuating parents to direct their older kids to school every bit good. Furthermore, the King besides started a procedure of ‘Cambodianisation ‘ of the educational system that changed the linguistic communication of direction, the construction of classs and school text editions ( Berkvens, 2009 ) . In 1970, Cambodia universities have about 9,000 pupils that the Royal University of Phnom Penh hold the largest figure of studentsa†Ã‹â€  4,570 male and more than 730 female pupils in eight sections such as: scientific discipline and engineering, commercial scientific discipline, jurisprudence and economic sciences, letters and humanistic disciplines, pharmaceutics, medical specialty, teacher preparation, and higher ins tructor preparation ( instruction in Cambodia ) . Because of the spread of instruction, more people graduated, take to new job which is unemployment since the calibrated people are more than the needed occupation ( Berkvens, 2009 ) . Unfortunately, after the coming of the Khmer Rouge government on April 17th, 1975 Pol Pot wholly changed the instruction system in Cambodia that they abandoned the schoolroom, books, and most of the educated people were killed. One Khmer Rouge cell said: â€Å" Under our system, we do n't necessitate to direct our immature people to school. The farm is our school. The land is our paper. The Big Dipper is our pen. We will compose by plowing † ( Berkvens, 2009 ) . After Pol Pot government there are merely 5000 of 20000 instructors ( instruction in Cambodia ) . After Pol Pot government collapsed, there was another dark age of Cambodia under the Vietnamese business. In the early 1980s ; nevertheless, the instruction system in Cambodia improved somewhat that primary and secondary instruction plans were re-opened, but merely to pupils those who can afford to the school fee while the lesson was taught in veitnamese ( Sheldon ) . After 30 old ages of reforming the state, the Kampuchean authorities has been seeking to give the population higher instruction system as we can see below about the changing in the instruction system, the consequence of reforming, and the farther reforming instruction policy. First, harmonizing to the UNESCO study, the instruction system in Cambodia is divided into 5 stages: pre-primary instruction, primary instruction ( grade 1-6 ) , lower secondary instruction ( grade7-9 ) , upper secondary instruction ( grade 10-12 ) , and higher instruction. Six old ages of primary instruction and three old ages of lower secondary instruction make up the state ‘s basic instruction proviso. After finishing upper secondary instruction, pupils can either enter vocational preparation ( which lasts for one to three old ages depending on the programmes ) or universities ( which offer biennial associate grade programmes, four-year unmarried man ‘s degree programmes, and seven-year medical pr ogrammes ) . The Non-formal Education plan plays an of import function in supplying literacy and life accomplishment programmes, every bit good as short-run vocational preparation to school dropouts and grownups ( Haddad, 2008 ) . Second, the Education Strategic Plan ( ESP ) and the Education Sector Support Program ( ESSP ) 2006-2010 of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sport have been developed to react to the rectangular scheme of the authorities to accomplish the ends of the national program for Education for All ( EFA ) and Kampuchean Millennium Development Goals ( CMDG ) . After pattern the program, there has been an increased entree to instruction services with equity in all instruction establishments and all school degrees. The pupils ‘ registration in primary schools is stable while there has been a singular addition in secondary school degree ( Moeys, 2009 ) . Furthermore, the wide reform in instruction has increased primary school with the registration of rural fem ale pupils, handicapped people, and autochthonal people. In add-on to that, the instructor public presentation has besides increased with many non-formal plans were introduced. Furthermore, the quality of instruction has besides improved by new learning accomplishments, trial system, and the criterion of schools ( moeys ) . Third, even though there is the development in the instruction system compare to the yesteryear, the instruction in Cambodia has non fulfilled the demand to develop the state yet ; hence, the Ministry of Education Youth and Sport did present to strategic program in reforming the instruction in Cambodia which is Education for all National Plan 2003-2015. The National Plan of Education for All spells out comprehensive proficient and fiscal programs concentrating on ( 1 ) gender antiphonal schemes, ( 2 ) early childhood attention and development, ( 3 ) formal basic instruction, and ( 4 ) non-formal instruction and grownup literacy. The program focuses on both quanti ty enlargement and quality/relevance of the programmes ( Lah, 2002 ) . Furthermore, the schemes include scholarship strategies for the rural hapless to increase the transitional rate from primary to take down secondary ; capacity-building of both learning and non-teaching staff through pre-service and in-service preparation, and monitoring of larning results ( Haddad, 2008 ) . Unlike many other developing states in Southeast Asia, Cambodia has been through many epochs and governments that make the state experienced the prosperity and decline in the instruction systema†Ã‹â€  the loss of human resources ( chet, 2006 ) . However, through the period of reforming and developing the state after recovered from the war, societal and political instability, Cambodia now is traveling toward the higher instruction system every bit good as the economic development. On the other manus, the wholly self-reforming for the state that has merely recovered from war as Cambodia is impossible since there is the deficiency of human resources, fiscal support every bit good as scheme. Therefore, in term of developing the state, Cambodia needs the aid from other people. As a consequence, there are besides 3 noteworthy histrions who involved in reforming the instruction system such as: UNESCO, UNICEF, and the MDGs. First of all, UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ) was established on 16 November 1945. It stated the aims to advance peace and security through international cooperation on instruction, scientific discipline, and civilization in order to foster cosmopolitan regard for justness, the regulation of jurisprudence, and the human rights along with cardinal freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter. In term of instruction, UNESCO seeks to â€Å" supply educational chances and offer proficient aids to give the opportunity of having the equal instruction for all people ; furthermore, UNESCO besides help the member more easy to accomplish the ends by supervising the advancement through the submitting of one-year Global Monitoring Report which show the accomplishments of states and the international community towards the six Educations for All ends † ( UNESCO ) . The UNESCO has being played really of import for Cambodia since 1951 when Cambodia joined this organisation. Particularly, in instruction, UNESCO has provided comprehensive coordination and proficient aid to the MoEYS for the constitution of six relevant EFA proficient working groups. UNESCO has besides assisted MoEYS in the preparation and constitution of the national instruction policy and scheme to make out to broader populations at all degrees. And a figure of instruction policies were created such as: the National EFA Action Plan, the National Non-Formal Education Policy 2002, the National Plan of Action for Non-Formal Education 2008 and the Policy on Non-Formal Education Equivalency Programme 2008aˆÂ ¦etc. Furthermore, UNESCO assisted the MoEYS in explicating and circulating the Teacher Development Plan to instructors, instructor associations, and teacher preparation establishments, and recommending for the rights of instructors by supplying proficient aid and the information for learning. More, UNESCO has assisted with the Equivalency Programme Policy prepara tion and CLC enlargement and operation by bring forthing and circulating a Khmer version of CLC direction enchiridion to NFE policymakers and practicians, and besides by back uping Cambodians in assorted regional preparation workshops ( UNESCO, 2010 ) . Second, UNICEF ( United Nation International Children ‘s Emergency Fund ) besides helps in determining the instruction quality in Cambodia. UNICEF was created on December 11, 1946 in order to provide exigency nutrient and health care to kids in states that had affected by World War II. UNICEF besides seeks for the security and development for kids and female parents in developing states. Particularly, UNICEF ‘s plans emphasize developing community-level services to better the kids good being. Therefore, UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006. For instruction, UNICEF ‘s plant is to â€Å" accomplish equal chance for every kids around the universe to acquire the instruction, distribute of the Essential Learning Package, set the criterions of instruction system, empower adult females through misss ‘ instruction and gender equality, supply exigencies and post-crisis instruction that measure rapidly adv ance better instruction by offer the self-learning plan, grant critical equipments and supplies for the basic needs to seek instruction, and enhance quality in primary and secondary instruction to assist better the school substructure every bit good as the instruction properity † ( UNICEF ) . Refering on the instruction in Cambodia, UNICEF started to collaborate the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport ( MoEYs ) since the late eightiess with the common aim to give the right of all Kampuchean kids for acquiring quality basic instruction. UNICEF has besides participated in puting national policies, constructing up Ministry capacities, bettering quality of primary instruction system, and easing instruction service to six of Cambodia ‘s 24 states. In add-on to that, UNICEF has accompanied with the MoEYs to lend to the instruction system in Cambodia through many factors such as, increased the outgo for develop the instruction system every bit good as the ministry capablenes s to better the quality of instruction. Furthermore, the UNESCO has besides helped to reenforce MoEYS ability to self-reform the system under SWAp ( the rules of a sector-wide attack ) by increasing assurance of internal staffs. The Ministry has implementing the ESP/ESSP 2006-2010 without external aids and with small proficient support from the givers. In add-on to that, the cooperation has win in addition the entree to primary school with narrow the gender spread that have increased the figure of registration of female pupil more than half in 2002. Furthermore, Education Law was drafted in 2003 by the MOEYs under the influence of the UNSECO. What is more, primary instruction quality has besides up surged both pupils and instructors ‘ quality through decentralized planning, direction and monitoring procedure ( Moeys, 2010 ) . Third, the last organisation that has meaning function in developing Cambodia instruction is UNDP under the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) . The MDGs ‘ end is to cut down universe poorness by half by 2015. Many people can profit from the economic system development and some other people life can be saved from the harmful of the poorness. The MDGs are â€Å" time-bound and targeted end that has a set a limited for the ends to accomplish by covering with the utmost poorness such as: hungriness, income poorness, unequal shelter, disease and exclusion ; furthermore, it was created to promote instruction, gender equality and environmental sustainability base on the rights of every people to have wellness protection, shelter instruction, and security as guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Millennium Declaration † ( UNDP ) . Furthermore, the MDGs attempt to advance the gender quality of primary and secondary educational system by 2005 and a t all degree by 2015 ( wikipedia ) . MDG has besides put a batch of attempt in developing instruction system in Cambodia as it has set many plans for the reforming instruction in the rural communities such as ; Highland Children ‘s Education Undertaking that established school in rural country by the communities human resources, Bending Bamboo with supplying the instruction for out of school misss and the bilingual linguistic communications category with the local instructor, Child Friendly Secondary Schools is a plan that the town pupils help the rural pupil for their surveies, and Provide proficient aid to the Provincial Office of Education in the three states that are retroflexing the theoretical account of bilingual instruction. Supply proficient advice to the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport ( UNDP policy, 2010 ) . Consequently, UNESCO, UNICEF, and the MDGs have done a batch of occupation in reforming and developing the instruction in Cambodia. As a consequence, Kampuchean new coevals have enjoyed the better instruction than in the yesteryear that most of kids have the opportunity to travel to school and seek for the cognition without the favoritism of the gender in both urban and rural country. And the developed in instruction system has besides contributed to the economic development, human wellbeing, and the better instruction as the ends of the UNESCO, UNICEF, every bit good as the MDGs. Likewise, we can cognize that all these organisations are the bureaus of the United Nations who plays the of import function in the administration of the planetary matter. The UN is the chief histrion in work outing the jobs in international matter such as human-centered, peace maintaining, peace edifice, developmentaˆÂ ¦etc. In term of Cambodia, after the war period the United Nations has sent its bur eau, for illustration: UNTAC, for peace maintaining in Cambodia. Besides, after guaranting the peace in the state the UN started to direct other bureaus such as ; UNESCO, UNICEF, and UNDP to make the development in the state that first precedence is reforming the instruction system. The function of the UN ‘s bureaus in Cambodia has shown the duty in one of the state in the universe as the action of the planetary administration for the development. In add-on to that, the actions are non merely taken in Cambodia as it is besides done in other portion of the universe such as: other states in Asia, Africa where the aid is needed. Therefore, the planetary administration mission is the complex and hard occupation to make since it required covering with all the job in planetary matter, and in Cambodia development is needed the aid from the UN ‘s bureaus such as: UNESCO, UNICEF, and MDGs for constructing the human resource by foremost better the instruction for all.