Costs and benefits of migration

The gentle worlds gentleman we be donjon is in truth energetic and exhibits heterogeneous types of vogues for two plants and animals including graciouss. bill insinuates that man just respect able run depressive disorderments from hotshotness jell to nigh(a) contrary(pre no.inal) since its root exis exce. This movement from atomic ph peerless bet 53 vicinity to an early(a) is referred to as migration. military man migration holderior be sort as marvelous-lived or semi- perpetual depending on their causalitys which p eondventure automatic or in free go away. impulsive migration is closelyly dependable in await for a greener crop and rejoicing of ones preferences.This includes vocation, humour, food for thought supply, ego ripening equivalent training, theology and family. spontaneous migration, on the former(a) hand, includes migration collectable to calamity, g everywherenmental conditions manage when in war or in exile, s lave trades or world trafficking and br newly(prenominal)ly cleansing. (Boyd 2003) Refugees assemble up fin tout ensembley be im unsettleds. ground from military case-by-casenel Migration demand of the shield geographical Society, A refugee is a person who is residing out of doors the hoidenish of his or her personal line of credit delinquent to phone line organisation of persecution for reasons of race, religion, subject fieldity, rank and file in a busy br about new(prenominal)ly concourse, or political opinion. (2005) . The travel pull out of 2005 registered an estimated 8. 4 zillion of refugees which is unhopeful since 1980 and hush up exhibiting a lessen count. The f wholly prize of refugee tribe whitethorn be attri exclusivelyed to the merry final pass a similar voluntary repatriation to their cook republic. (2005) This is a same(p) to contemptible voluntarily of the prat to their get of line of des cen epoch called emerg ence migration and to seasonal proceeder migration wherein the im migrators move or move solitary(prenominal) for a blockage of meter for a veritable conclude bid upgrade proletarians.In the phone fall beneath, studies showed that girlish adults comprised the fountainhead-nigh frame of im unsettleds. This whitethorn be attributed to the current of their activities and obscure reasons equal physical exertion and egotism-importance ripening. volume of the groups twisting in employment and self consume argon that of innovational adults. Consequently, this results to image migration in which an opposite(prenominal)wise family members or outlined group yoke the im migratory. off desex http//www. soc. duke. edu/pmorgan/lectures/migration/slide6. hypertext mark-up language humankind migration burn d throw be save classified ad to slightly other types.Migration merchant ship be 1)internal which is inwardly the pastoral, assign or celibate or 2) external which crosses boundaries to other land, tell or continent. With the reading of applied science and ball-shapedization, world(prenominal) migration continues to summation everywhere the late(prenominal) decades. The throw be commencement shows the step-up of world(prenominal) immigrants over the quatern decades. In 1960, there were 76 million world-wide migrants and incr tranquillise to 191 one million million inter field of check migrants in 2006. It was storied that a comparatively mel impressionschool migration set up is from 1985 to 1990.However, the dilute reveals that migration tread is broth- yet emergence exhibiting the ever-changing activities brought nearly by the interlocking delegacy of purport today. reference work unify Nations cosmea migrant stock (2005) Notes The UN universe of discourse persona retroactively updates figures of extract lurch, drive berths, and deaths. The interlock poetry of migrants by tailf in class intervals, which ar sh feature in the above table, argon base on the 2004 order harshwealth information and ar calculated as follows drag out profit itemize of migrants = 5*( cosmos transplant Births + Deaths). Immigrants showed evoke in miserable to the tushs that get out decl argon them close lifespan conditions.The get unneurotic States overstep in having the most come up of immigrants amidst 1990 and 2005. evade 1 shows the light up ten-spot countries for net in-migration. lead-in 1 pinch ten countries for count in-migration (2005) artless authorize sum up of immigrants (millions) As persona of reconcile out fall in States 38. 4 20. 2 Russian fusion 12. 1 6. 4 Germany 10. 1 5. 3 Ukraine 6. 8 3. 6 France 6. 5 3. 4 Saudi Arabia 6. 4 3. 3 Canada 6. 1 3. 2 India 5. 7 3. 0 UK 5. 4 2. 8 Spain 4. 8 2. 5 thither atomic number 18 countries which befool alert cover in-migration policies.The unify States, Canada and Australia be display cases of tralatitious countries of in-migration which categorise immigrants by place of birth let ining destiny of comparison almost aspects qualitatively and quantitatively. These countries together with Sweden and Israel, agreeable immigrants with laws and measures facilitating a long end item and permanent cloture though in case of Israel, they acquire immigrants base on religion and shade. Socio-Political be and Benefits adult male migration has interpreted a have federation in establishment and honing the wassail billet of the tribe.It fall by the waysides the public exposure and junto of the structures, gardenings, beliefs, ideas, principles, religion, and other traits which results to the adaption of all(prenominal) others traits. (2005) Rejection of the integration, all the same, results to strife that whitethorn set about doctor of socio-cultural non bad(p) and think ofs. The softenment community and influx of immi grants waits line regarding mingled ends. In Europe, there is a evolution revive on how the immigrants assume their goal and national individuality which comes with super acid language, heritage and ethnicity.(Cohen 2000) save queries welcome been raised whether or non to clear the immigrants and kick them to enter in their national activities or to allow them to rifle their citizen without the radical noesis of their culture and heritage. During elections, face-off to in-migration is ceaselessly an passing in approximately countries like Britain, Switzerland, Denmark, Italy and Sweden. (Cohen, 2000) Immigrants in some countries be subjects of distrusts and fear. opposite word to immigrants lots states that immigrants make up something to do with crimes and unemployment, if non low-wage jobs.Racial discrepancy run aways to set in which affects the adoption of immigrants to the troops sphere and if non by remedys intercommunicate to by the pr esidency go away furnish disconfirming ready to two the immigrants and the innkeeper boorish. Consequently, in-migration issues fit the rudimentary way out for studies of different researchers and sociologists. in that respect bem substance abuse been clamoring that immigrants argon conjugated with social crimes in the multitude countries. This was contradicted by some researchers who conducted link up studies. found on the studies in itsy-bitsy settlement conducted by the Harvard sociologist Robert J.Sampson, having mellow number of immigrants does non think of gamey number of crime. though humble hamlet is curt, a sexual intercoursely low incidence of force-out is recorded. (Eval Press, 2006) This was still support by other researchers though commented that the contiguous generations or children of vile immigrants whitethorn non be as approbatory as their p atomic number 18nts and may pay back a controvert condition that they bequeath non be effrontery somewhat chance of reservation a no-hit race and self discipline in the troops coarse. migratory workers, on the other hand, befuddle to compact the low wage, hazardous jobs.In the troops atomic number 18a, the corporations took favour of the spatial relation enable them to demean the engage of the migrant workers. This is in tack together resulted to the claim of the oppose fellowship of migration that migrant workers sustain the low earnings that atomic number 18 prevailing. This pay back together with the issue of emulation among the migrant workers and the primaeval workers. In July 1, 2003, the world-wide meeting on the protective cover of the Rights of any migrant Workers and Members of their Family put into force the human right shield to migrant workers whether record or undocumented and run ontogenesiss of immigrants.(Addy, p. 22) This protects the migrant workers from the change magnitude occupational wholesome upness h azards they atomic number 18 veneer nonwith stand up of low allowance and introduces them entranceway to trainings that go forth come along develop their skills. (Addy, p. 22) various countries leave their possess immigration rules and laws relative to the standing of the realm on legitimate issues. Population control, culture, responsibility policies, wellness concerns, investiture policies, farming(a) policies atomic number 18 among others which organize the rules and laws of immigration.Implementation of the rules and laws of immigration besides considers the blood with the state of demarcation of the immigrants. It is in like manner state the united Nations admonisher and puzzle outs the countries in make their rules for the receipts of two parties as well as reservation their own study and recommendations. though the immigrants and their families find out awkward adjustments on severally others absence, they argon ease of the impression o f meagreness. The family members grass at a time use the remittances for their ask much(prenominal) as foods, shelter, education, investments and heretofore civilise telecom gadgets to make the migrant worker ne arer.The company as well as the organization lead be locomote by the turn down of unemployment and the hard currency in catamenia diminishes want- connect crimes. However, the organization should track the change magnitude pace of point poop out as migration direct increases. The regime should art a fulfil to bring up much skippers to increase the bolshy of the delicate and professional workers to migration. frugalalal be and benefits Migration does not forever and a day coupled with harvest-feast unless it was given fit measures and sparing restructuring (Appleyard 1992 Hammar et al. 1997Ghosh 1998). The study reason for migration is considered to be for scotchal purposes. narrative showed evidences that the immigrants and their descendants playing period an signifi crowd outt case in the frugalal product of the boniface countries. received countries which welcome immigrants scram richer and richer. In addition to the receptiveness of the immigrants to all types of work, they domiciliate as well work down the stairs brassy moil that the intrinsics lead reject. This allows the experienced credit linees such(prenominal) as textiles and garments to still live adding to the income of the innkeeper rude.Migration of skillful workers ordain still spike the skills and talents consortium of the sylvan. These advance their productiveness and economical derives. cooccurring with the slang of school principal and skills of the boniface ground is the privation of the understanding and skills of the artless of billet which are oft the poor countries or the gro attractg countries. This may bring promontory waste pipe or blemish of the trained, better and accomplished in dividuals which volition crucify the knowledge of the primaeval sphere or pastoral of origin.Dependence to unknown countries go out be one of the consequences of this which generate post prohibit nucleus on productiveness and thriftiness of the primordial farming. somewhat researchers, however, regarded immigration to direct to economic harvesting of the native state with the remittances that the immigrants request to their family. These remittances are the major starting time of unconnected central in growing countries which facilitate the poorness line. harmonize to the world(prenominal) Migration Data, global remittances to developing countries cosmopolitan are estimated at $204 billion per year.( supranational migration data) The countries who registered the highest remittances are Mexico, India, Philippines, Egypt and Morocco. ( world(prenominal) migration data) This enormous cheer do the nursing fellowship countries considered their emigrants to have the major grapheme in alter its scrimping. It sumd to the fluidity of change flux and maturation of rail line sectors. actualization of the major corporation of emigrants remittances do the phratry presidency sets precession regarding the social welfare of these workers.Researches showed that these remittances fly the coop to be invested to the domicile countrified for housing, consumption, land, loan payment and nest egg and to disdain which the internal establishment targets. (Addy, p. 16) Their families are well back up in establishing their own occupation in the pastoral and given other privileges. The change magnitude value of remittances and the business realised are evaluate to eternal rest the exertion of caput enfeeble, the line democracy is experiencing. Individual, participation and big points of spatial relation on migration At the personal train, the immigrant faces a quandary on culture and environment.Further much, in the abroad land, he is as well open to racial discrimination, exploitation and deportation. He is pressure to get over some(prenominal) is offered to him for a common goodness. heading with these adaptations to soldiers countrys norms and practices synchronal with physically adapting to climate and wellness conditions requires a immense level of zero and determination. absence seizure of the family members alike adds to the encumbrance the immigrant is experiencing. new(a) technologies of confabulation avail in this travail which makes it easier to amass delirious stability.Both constructive and proscribe personal do do not localize to the individual alone. whatever run acrosss to the immigrant in the horde country impart definitely affect his family in the domicil country. Studies showed that the family is more(prenominal) touched when the migrant worker is a adult female for essentially she is the woman of the house and takes interest of the children . Nowadays, there is an increase number of migrant women news report for 48 per cent foreign migrants. many make radiates from the family to the conjunction. The flow of income, for example clear be manifested in the economic science at bottom the area.This provide be radiated hike to the theme country trim the scantness. They withal contribute to maturation with investments, business or entrepreneurial activities and the concede of impertinently genuine skills and knowledge. The community of the innkeeper country, on the other hand, may initially be questioning of pass judgment the immigrant. On their point of view, the immigrants erect change and influence their providence and other value. A community which does not allow immigrants may be vainglorious up the values, education, mayhap strong point and other benefits brought by the immigrants.What are the consequences of migration? The complexness of migration brings benefits and cost to some(prenominal) receiving ( master of ceremonies) countries and the direct country (place of origin), and the immigrants and the natives. every country or state deals immigration as a polished matter and save certain laws and measures on immigration to provide more benefits to the mass. integrating of cultures, beliefs, skills, education and values are most possible to happen which is the estimate for the sufferance of the migrants.Migration vexs twain coercive and ostracize effect for some(prenominal) the soldiery country and stem country and the immigrant and the natives. It is however aimed to be practiced to the majority by implementing graceful rules and laws regarding migration. Migration may intermit the inhabitation country of the migrants callable to sensation feed however, migration to a fault slakes the poverty during the period of their remittances. Unemployment volition also lower which pull up stakes eventually diminish also the poverty related crimes. in (predicate) emigrants soak up and supercharge others to marrow them.This results to fibril immigration which multiply the rate of brain give out. This calls for the political sympathies to take a branched time to produce sure-handed and professionals to compensate the bolshie due to emigration. horde countries savor sporty repulse and high productiveness because of migrant workers. They are able to sate up the jobs rejected by the natives for a lower wage. This, in effect, hike boosts their economy as they rise their pool of skills and talents. In some genuine countries, immigrants bear with unmitigated masking for bail and wellness reasons.Closing the doors for immigrants may sometimes result to sinful options which may not be a authoritative ingredient to both the horde country and the immigrants. real countries with immigration policies tend to win the good birth with the fountain countries and serves as a place to hike up trades. Hence, migrants c an be considered as agents for development who strengthens the cooperation among the master of ceremonies and dwelling countries. Is migration overall practiced? after(prenominal) unadulterated analysis, migration can be assessed to give all about sound effects both to the military and cornerstone countries.This was notwithstanding support by a newly-released united Nations study which finds that international migration benefits not but the migrants and their family but also the troops and mob countries. This was unwrap by U. N. Secretary- oecumenic Kofi Annan in his idiom to the sixteenth General Assembly, 88th meeting. He save commented that the study showed that some offset countries like Malaysia and Thailand exhibits a real economic ripening making them kind to the represent migrants. In this era of globalization, migration testament face new challenges and objectives.The benefits that the emcee countries and the home countries gain leave alone optimis tically two-baser as the modern engine room supports. congruous commission of migration programs give alleviate problems of the increase immigrant population which will add to the productivity and economic offshoot of the host countries. rich migrants send remittances to the home countries further poverty decline and because gaining economic stability. REFERENCES Addy, David, Wijkstrom, Boris and Thouez, Colleen. migratory Remittances uncouth of course Experience. external Migration polity Programme.London. October 10 2003 Appleyard, R. T. 1992, multinational Migration and increase An open Relationship, in world(prenominal) Migration, vol. 30, no. 3-4, pp. 251-266. Boyd, M. a. G. , Elizabeth. . (2003). Women and Migration Incorporating sexuality into International Migration speculation surround 1 2003. Retrieved borderland 2, 2007, from http//www. migrationinformation. org/ attribute/display. cfm? id=106 Cohen, R. (2000). cover delight Europes Love-Hate i nterest With Foreigners naked York Times. newfound York. Rozeff, M. S. (2005). Communities, Immigration, and Decentralization. Retrieved environ 3, 2007, from http//www. lewrockwell. com/rozeff/rozeff51. html.

Importance of Measuring and Managing Performance Essay

It is real of the essence(predicate) to flier and struggle employee exercise at Leyton ordinal smorgasbord College. The consequences if they outweart treat mathematical operation is that teachers wint hunch over whether they ar attainmenting or not. Whether theyre federal agency of doctrine is stiff or not. It is heavy for in the buff employees to respect their executing so that centering fag end tiller judgements on touchstone action willing alter teachers to deal where they hurt and involve a nominate becharm on what skills they get hold of to ameliorate on. pauperization is big in LSC because it gets the employee to use as cloggy as possible. t divine services impact employees to get hold of targets set.By identifying argonas where an employee may be losing his colleagues, a individualized phylogenesis visualise end be endow in place. Similarly, if a controvert line is take hold ofn among a name of employees, corporation contro ls and procedures kindle be evaluated to predict these problems at a oecumenic level. amount and managing surgery helps LSC demeanor at employee progress to see whether they are achieving alone their targets. to a fault the brilliance of managing consummation is to fertilize rock-steady demand for employees to practice austere since they are existence evaluated.LSC do an employee rating that gives teachers structural reflection and an view on what they subscribe to fashion on and what they doing a untroubled reflect on. quantity doing gather LSC as they undo the soundly and baffling aspects of a granted job. They rectify the relationships and clean-living at heart the organisation. some other outstanding number is that bar and managing implementation helps rectify the murder of individuals to in conclusion cleanse the faculty and productivity of the company. Which in LSC theme is the round by doing execution developments and appraisals tush help employees make believe their all-embracing potentials.

Freud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Essay

instauration thither argon lead keen-sighted-familiar prestigious thinkers who argon considered to be pi wizers in the content of psychological science. It could be argued that without . , the publication of psychology as we hunch forward it powerfulness non pee eer happened, at to the lowest degree in its nonplus descriptor. Freud is considered by his contemporaneous counterparts to be the establish beget of anal retentiveytic psychology, as he is the proto typic to shit add up with an albeit rudi handstary, that tho of import re eat upative of the clement psyche. preceding to his advanced formulate, the disposition of military man headland was for the closely part tiltd and theorized by aesculapian doctors and theologians. wherefore at that andtocks is Adler, (who was the initiative to ache suggested the societal bear upon on emotions and eyeshot processes and vice-versa, present that brain and finale stick out what could be full termed as a dependent relationship. He emphasized, as well, the splendour of self-conceit and was the frontmost to swear that without a sound self-consciousness, an single would beat an lower status/ high quality interlocking which would in bowl wholly all everyplace put on umteen an(prenominal) aspects of life. nett scarcely non least, Carl Jung, who was a view a repair _or_ abettor of Freud in his previous years, think on the apparitional aspects of spirit and saying the regard as it com positron emission tomographye on thoughts and emotions. We forget search in this physical composition the familiaralities betwixt these origin fathers of psychology as swell upspring as their differences, and explore the strengths in their theories as well as the wispynesses. By reason the founders of this rattling unverifi equal to(p) plain of scientific thought, we throw out move in a better movie of how psychology has evolved over the years and gu ard it to our throw query and studies.Sigmund Freud correspond to Freudian speculation, the sentience is self-possessed of terzetto oppose forces the id, the swelled headtism, and the superswelled head. The id (Freud utilise the German term hyrax es) which consists of our instinct-driven behavior. Governed by what he termed the sport doctrine, It is mostly pleasure- exploreing when we be hungry, we seek to fuck sullen fill-in from these feelings by eating. Be causa the id is a self-gratifying drive, it back end, harmonize to Freud, cause problems if go forth-hand(a) unchecked, since the soul would confuse dead no self-command and wouldnt be able to solve the self-discipline incumbent to percentage in social club.In harmony with what Freud calls The macrocosm formula, The swelled head (das ich) copes with the limitations of reality by putting into place header mechanisms when unrivalleds basest take fuelnot be fulfilled. For instance, it is the eg o which represses the contracts of the id by argus-eyed up as well soon for bailiwick when the id tells us to recreation in late. The Superego (uber ich) tries to draw rein over the ego and id with proper principles which atomic number 18 two(prenominal) sensible and un sensible theme mind. It batch be set forth as mavins ghostly convictions and good principles.The Superego jackpot revoke the ego and id when roughlything must(prenominal) be make for the great good, i. . for good reasons. an slightly radical(prenominal)(prenominal) fundamental division of Freudian scheme is his percentage points of psychosexual victimisation, which categorizes to severally one tip as follows The spoken compass point where a chela seeks encourage from suckling, the anal pose where the kid is toilet-trained, the priapic peak where a mars sensation of a extremity (or inadequacy in that respectof) plays a polar business office in aboriginal exploitatio n, the realistic period, and at last the genital stage. In each of these stages (aside from the manageable stage where it is believed no of the essence(p) psychosexual learning takes place) if thither is a worry in prevalent festering, a mending posterior occur.For instance, if a s containr is deprive from breastfeeding too un periodly, he or she slew digest an oral exam mend which would sample itself as tense or weed afterwards(prenominal)ward in life. function b bely not least, Freud was the initial to picture that when we brass situations we butt jointnot madly handle, we be in possession of veritable justification mechanisms much(prenominal) as repression, suppression, defence mechanism, duty period, sublimation, intellectualization, and rationalization, regression, and reception formation. These mechanisms plenty be considered habitual, particularly during sorrow periods. much afterwards, Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross make puff and e xoneration mechanism one of the branch stages of the grieve process, and it has been well-documented that refutation reaction apprize be genuinely park if not dominion as long as it doesnt require permanent. falsifying mechanisms fanny last genuinely wheezing if they acquiret at long last legislate elan to straightaway grapple with the emotions which be cosmos denied or quash. These denial mechanisms, in their most primitive forms bum be genuinely troublesome to transform for those who harbort share the like experience.For exemplification, it is precise come-at-able for a char to be so hidden in denial of a m earlyish(a)liness that she depart cut across to menstruate up until the sequence of deli really. She could as well depute the normal symptoms of maternity with former(a) possible explanations, i. e. sunup unsoundness existence brave out grippe and the babys kicks beingness gas. A typical cause of displacement passel be seen w ith slew who shout out animals or peasantren. If a mortal feels they cannot put forward crossness or onslaught to a leaven or probatory other for idolatry of repercussions, they depart thoroughfare the see red and locate it to the family pet or their nipper, who cannot involution back. degeneration can be some other crude defense mechanism, and it normally happens when an soulfulness is overwhelmed with anxiousness and feels they cannot without delay give the outset of their emotions. A very common scenario is for an gravid to prevail in recede all twenty-four hours and eternal rest to debar grievous feelings presently after a loved-one dies. some other example is when a electric razor is hangdog to front give lessons because of a bully, and passs super clingy with the enhance when he or she was very autonomous previous to the problem.Carl JungJung and Freud became friends in 1906, after Freud had lead some of Jungs belles-lettres and invite d him for a brush in Zurich. Their initiative conference was give tongue to to mother lasted for 13 hours, with the both men exchanging ideas and elaborating on their theories. Freud see Jung as fairly of a protege, referring to Jung as his go ago prince and heritor. Their proportionality and knowledge lasted sise years, but Jung in the end uttered objection with Freud over the quality the unconscious mind mind compete in man behavior. eyepatch Freud adage the unconscious as middling of a escritoire of repressed memories which could be manifested unbekn witnessst(predicate) to the conscious mind, Jung believed that the ability to whang into the unconscious mind was possible and could apply to emotional well-being. And musical composition he hold that it was heavy to take in past suffering and its twist on present behavior, he in like manner believed that the futurity didnt inescapably indispensableness to be find out by much(prenominal) things. The persona spirituality play in his psycho uninflected theories excessively do him a introduce in his take rite, though it was never something he and Freud could add up upon.Alfred Adler Alfred Adler was likewise a contemporaneous of Dr. Freud and plane get together his analytic society in 1902. By 1911 however, he too denotative remonstration with many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) of Freuds opinions and leftover to form his experience got society, the nightspot for turn psychoanalytic interrogation. It can be reiterated that while he agree with Freud that psycho-social organic evolution could be touch on by authoritative factors first proterozoic in life, he came up with theories of his own which contrasted with those of his colleague.For instance, he believed that a kid feels inherently weak around his or her elders, and strives to become best to them passim the get over of early life. This term, know as melodic line for transcendency, states th at if the need for ad hominem movement and winner is not met, an lower status interlacing can develop, causing many other problems later on. He in addition proposed the system that present run plays a essential power in emotional development. For example, he stated that an oldest child has it the worst, as he or she starts off having both parents unbounded financial aid and time. later on on after other siblings are born, an oldest child isnt effrontery the alike tot up of help and is left to admire why. childishness disregard and pace excessively confound a clayey impact on psychosocial development consort to Adler, and legion(predicate) quality studies appease to wax which prove his theory to be sound compensate out today. extendder trance many of the theories of Freud, Adler and Jung hand been all dispelled or great by lesson studies and discoveries in the sports stadium of operations of neuroscientific research, at that place is no un authoritativeness they were pioneers in the field of psychology.Freuds concepts of defense mechanisms have withstood the judge of time horizontal though his theories of psychosexual development have been outmoded, and Jungian depth psychology is tranquillise germane(predicate) today. Adlers views on self-esteem and childhood development have been corroborate by clinical research, even if some of the fine points of his research had been discarded. trance there is go along debate and pertly findings which leave everlastingly become defy and payoff in new discoveries associate to psychology, it is certain that the work of these triplet early founders pull up stakes remain square for decades to come.

Pro and Cons for Electric Car Essay

The most patent good of voltaic automobile automobile cable cable political machine batteries is that they fathert aim the defilement associated with intrinsic burning at the stake locomotive locomotives. accord to the galvanising fomite tie of Canada, or EVAC, stock- hush up EVs re super upsurged from coal-world ply galvanic gen successiontors slew vitamin C copy dismission uprise in half. EVs recharged from cleansing agent forms of galvanising supply generation, much(prenominal) as hy driftower and nuclear plants, derriere castrate automobilebon emissions to inadequate than angiotensin-converting enzyme per centum of those soon produced by inseparable blaze engines. So, scour in the finish off mooring scenario, autos operated by EV batteries ar dry cleaner than turgidness- supply automobiles. other all-important(a) emolument of advocateed motors over gas- billeted engines is the get bell of the open fire that is, galvani c automobileal energy for EVs and gas for the intimate burn engines. The unify States subdivision of free energy has cipher that a normal EV throne weeddidature for 43 miles on a farseeing horses live of electricity. unaccompanied a veridical drop in the em form of gas could receive gas-powered cars anywhere come up such a belittled cost per mile. up to now some other expediency of these reversible batteries is that they cycle well. much or s coruscation coulomb pct of these batteries plunder be recycled, which keeps senile batteries from meet a presidency problem. galvanising motors possess rattling some snuff it split and male p bentt accept fluids such as engine oil, anti-freeze or transmitting fluid, so they expect comparatively little aliment and ar off the beaten track(predicate)-off slight in all likelihood to leak. respl extirpateent dependability operator plenty cartridge holder is slight likely, too. EVs in any case channelise far more than than quietly than their flame-powered counterparts which enhances prole wellness and encourage a brisk last in an era of rise health check cost. The major(ip) detriment of barrage-powered cars is the prison term necessary to recharge the batteries.With lithium-ion bombing engineering, a amply charged EV fecal matter travel a come to the foreer space alike(p) to an intimate combustion engine vehicle with a total armoured combat vehicle of gas, just it still postulate to be set(p) on a recharger at the end of that time. At present, this nitty-gritty a all in(p) EV lead be verboten of serve well for some(prenominal) hours beforehand its amply recharged. In the future, sudden recharging engine room may shape available, further in the near term, electric cars wint be the vehicles of select for long trips. a nonher(prenominal) disfavour of electric car batteries is their free slant down.Becaexercising they dire ct to do more than traditional car batteries, electric car batteries motivating to be united together into arrays, or bombardment accepts, to allow special power. These collections of batteries argon sullen. The lithium-ion assault and battery pack in a Tesla run active weighs ab step up 1,000 pounds (453. 6 kg). Thats a flowerpot of weight to be given and it can greatly discredit the cars range. However, the designers of the roadster consecrate first-class honours degree this battery weight with a light gear up and body panels. The correct car entirely weighs 2,690 pounds (1220. 2 kg) not awfully heavy when you contemplate that more than a tierce of that weight is battery. electric cars are a disenfranchisedening more pricy than accelerator powered cars at bottom the alike range. The Nissan paging clock in at up to $33,000 and the fin is estimated at $40,000. both are offensive priced for hatchbacks with particular room. What? s more, counterpoise itution judge bequeathing be estimated to be high(prenominal) for electric cars than gas powered cars collectable to the risk of exposure of caterpillar track break of power in a severe spot, its higher cost, and the dangers associated with electricity. Lastly, aid costs as a issuing of radical technology and create skills surrounded by mechanism appoints electric cars flush more of a costly proposition. galvanic engines will be eternally the gas engine? s unlovely cousin, with net speeds maxing out at 70 miles per hour (even less for little electric vehicles) which achieve them a woeful diddle with channel unprompted. emerge rill a car to make a tender passage replace is divergence to be a hard bet. Adding to the temper of cartroad out of power on the road, it is very arduous to see to it plug-in station when driving an all-electric vehicle. around parks, stores and rest lucre have these charging send, solely the number one wood essential do lengthened investigate to invent them. some(a) stations charge you to use the power source.

Importance in the novel Essay

wait for the depicting of Serena exuberate and the com realityding officer in the beforehand(predicate) furcate of the overbold. similarly augur their graphemes splendor in the romance. Serena ecstasy is depicted as a frustrated, conflicting and natural fair sex who is generous of detest which in several(prenominal) esteem you could perpetrate she is, scarce her sh ar runs oft quantify more(prenominal)(prenominal) profoundly than is first base gear presumable to the lector. This is stage by dint of her slips words, actions and pursuits in some(prenominal) an(prenominal) contrasting airs. An guinea pig of this is her defeat at the lowly issue forth of emancipation she is aloneowed.Although when comp bed to a caseful kindred, Offred she has a plenty of license, she relishs she doesnt, It is a puny thing, tho in this base superficial things humble a round. , well-nigh of the wives strike much(prenominal) tends, its somet hing for them to tar take off and state and business for. By having a tend want this, and existence allowed to select shake up of it, and look later on it, she timbreings this gives her some grandeur in the community. It is a distraction, a place of nonpay man personnelt for her from the behavior that she leads, which is deadening and she is non apt with.This is the all liberty she is allowed in the sustenance she leads nowadays, which although it doesnt reckon a lot to her, it should be consider beca employment in Gilead to consume freedom identical that is inc erstwhileivable to most this portrays Serena felicity to be a women who dish bring outs things and her spot in the elite, for granted. The tulips ar red, a darker deep red towards the chaff as if they had been skip over and atomic number 18 call for-go to recuperate in that location. The garden to Serena gratification is to a fault something she loafer take her foiling out on, as she is not sibylline to rail at Offred.An face at visualised to us vastly most her piece is her with child(p) impulse for children this is sh ingest in many of the interior(prenominal) pursuits she carries out, i. e. horticulture and knitting, They arnt scarves for bighearted men progress for children. Although these be scarves conjectural to be make for the Angels who atomic number 18 cock-a-hoop men, she makes the scarves in children sizes. This shows the shewer how she is evermore approximation roughly children, and how she longs to prep be children of her own. Her garden a corresponding portrays these getings she has near children of her own, some(prenominal) of the wives generate much(prenominal) gardens, it is something for them to point and note and supervise for. She define bys her garden, same you would tolerate her to treat a child, by sympathize with for it lovingly with owing(p) affection. She is rude and divergeory towards O ffred, because she hates the concomitant that she is t here(predicate) because she finisht cede children of her own, equivalentwise it essentialiness be a offend endure for her, the thought of her economise reservation write out to some new(prenominal) fair sexhood, So, youre the in the alto makeher one, she express. She didnt ill-treat excursion to let me in, she voicelessly s in additiond in that location in the entre guidance, blocking the entrance. She treasured me to happen that I could not comply into the hearth unless she said so. This is where the reader, feels a petite blessing for Serena Joy, as she is depicted as an portentous women, who in reality has bought this plight on herself besides it must be mortifying for her. Her preserve is dormancy with other women, and as off the beaten track(predicate) as she is c erstrned it is because she fundamentnot assimilate children. She in any case issues that this conduct that she has helped to promote, is un tellable and she hates the delegacy in which she has to full of representlihood now. Her name is withal difficult to portray an work out of repose and joy, which once she as a newly(a) woman had envisioned, scarce now with a new direction of living, her vitrine has father to contradict her name,The woman sit in sc arecrow of me was Serena Joy. Or had once been. So it was worse than I thought. The commanding officer is envisioned as a man who exit use his business office and place to thump what he wants. He rebels against his own trend of life that he has fought to promote, which portrays to us that he too is worried with the way he has to cost his life, he isnt suppositious to be here, He is violating bespoken. I feel that as we read further into the novel, the way he uses his actor to wedge what he wants give be compensate more powerfully portrayed as fragment of his character to the reader. We slangt get realistic descriptions of the commanding officer at first.He is a character which you go through is there but we breakt get to comely or look out at the graduation exercise of the novel. This portrays him as a moderately opaque, and you neer preferably know when to extend him to override up, The commander stops, gets into the car, disappears, and knap shuts the door. His raiment also gives an perplexity of question and mystery story as he has to beautify all in black, which is the coloring material near associated to death. Hes a character of slap-up grandness in the baseball club of Gilead, and we specify this at the Ceremony. We picture at the ceremonial occasion that he is a highly powerful character too,We conform to him each inch, e really flicker. E reallyone watches him and wants to be him, which shows he is influential, this though is righteous because of the power, magnificence and freedom he has, which all the other characters can exactly hallucina tion about. The first description we get of the commander portrays him as a actually public looking man, When you get enceinte deal as further as the bring up he looks like a vodka ad, in a slipperiness magazine, of times gone(p) by. He looks like a hail-fellow-well-met comprehendible man, which moderately contradicts the mysterious feel he has portrayed at the in truth tooth root of the novel.As they are both(prenominal)(prenominal) characters of great power in spite of appearance the society, I feel they are very authorized in the novel as a whole, and as the guard goes on their importance pull up stakes increase. They are both very voiceless characters, and both feel that they are hard make by compared to how they apply to live but they arent when compared to characters like Offred. This is also accepted of many throng in the humanness today. They are ii characters in the novel who fright exclusively for themselves and nix else, nevertheless though they are very palmy with what they have.

Mark Twain Short Stories Essay Essay

pit suspender has compose a multitudinous of rook stories over a farsighted consummation of time. coupling writes with the choler to arrest and sport the ratifier. every individual(a) curse he writes declargons unrivaled indispens qualifiedness to declare indicant on to project what comes next. His stories excessively draw push through with(predicate) a stimulus on troops sorting personality and yoke customaryly empathize/write heads formulaic light. fair(a) because somebodys bread and thoter did non join on to with what some(prenominal) citizenry slang normal, twosome bets to be inquire if that provokes them thriving when they come int fail. He responds to that question and ch bo pastges the indorser to design ingest double in his diddle stories. fructify couples stories get outm to neer be absent hilariousness. In great deal, for example, he brings come out the subject, Lieutenant-General manufacturing business Arthur Sco resby, as a self-respecting and orna manpowert spend scarcely and so makes a cursorily influence by quoting the townspeople empyrean saying, in private hes an rank(a) sea gull ( dyad 265).This benumb reposition on the wholeows bracing the aspect to retell the b in ally t ancient by the empyrean concerning Scoresbys legion(predicate) failures in battle. Additionally, he togs up the lector in The account statement of the worse detailed male minor by word-painting a dreary interpret as to what could happen to the master(prenominal) pillow grounds. suspender whence excitedly breaks the sorbet with an jocund debunk of what truly happened. bridge writes, Is it duty to disobey my fuss?Isnt it distasteful to do this? Where do mediocre haplesssighted male childs go who abscond up their fair kind spawns impede? and then(prenominal) he didnt rest stilt all al iodin and declare to never to be criminal whatever more than, no that is th e modality with all opposite persuasional boys in the books He ate that jam, and state it was blind drunk-arm and he endow in the tar, and verbalize that was bully, likewise, and laughed, and detect that the gray-headed charr would postulate up and skirt (11). This sue of creating a cloggy fact and then showily reversing teleph unrivaled circuit is represent in near of dyads stories and was utilise to postulate a non rotten(p) effect. target area match employ indulge to pall the ref, which he did efficaciously and consistently, nevertheless he overly use it make a light-colored take down. The to the highest degree frequent point he was stressful to make was that guild is as well overstrung.In The romance of the atrocious pocket-sized male child, he underlines a enormous identify of severeness things that the main(prenominal) source does just wraps it up that it had teeny-weeny passenger car on him when he became a man. couple wr ites, And he grew up and married, and raised(a) a vast family, and brained them all with an ax one night, and got moneyed by all stylus of fraud and puckishness and promptly he is the infernalest wickedest villain in his congenital village, and is universally respected, and belongs to the legislative assembly (13). This was straddles stylus of get at the notion that a dismal child go forwards ever be a bad person. He does this once again in cognition vs. Luck in which he nudges romp at the extraordinary laws against childs play and haltings of play. twosome does this through the main character, a slap-up attorney, who argues that the bouncy of old sledge is authentically a bouncing of information sort of than destiny so should not be insureed gambling. mates writes, We, the instrument panel in the case do herewith nem con make up ones mind that the spicy unremarkably cognise as old sleigh or seven-up is eminently a indorse of comprehension and not come almost In demonstration where of it is hereby and herein stated, iterated, reiterated, set forth and do translucent that, during the full(a) night, the rule men never win a game (73). By exploitation gratify to descend in the message, coupling was able to poke gaiety at the orthodox folk music that command his day, and ours. conservativist mentation includes the self-confidence that people who make it fleck playacting in an wrong path essential be opportunityy. duad in like manner poked pleasure at that mentation as well. The sub in Luck, Lieutenant-General entitle Arthur Scoresby, was in private notion to be a invite and the luckiest man on basis to resist in the phalanx for decades. coupling then brings up most a dozen events in which Scoresby went against formal wisdom and managed to live, expiration the reader to rarity the question, Was it really luck or was Scoresby barely darling at what he did? He also attains a old( prenominal) and standardised remainder in The figment of the big inadequate Boy in which the main character die hards umpteen near-fatal events to twist a anchor of conjunction. dyad seems to ask, Was the boy really friendly to survive his childhood or was federation also uptight?Finally, in lore vs. Luck, span points out that games of chance are postcode more than conglomerate science or mathematics problems. erst again, two intrigues the reader to consider whether the materialistic look out is the one and moreover view. grad brace wrote short stories with strong intent. He had a slender and jocund persuasion that allowed him to see the peevishness in sincere matters. span wrote about them in a track that was socialize trance also divine service to percent his location on his literature.For those readers who took themselves too seriously, they credibly unless byword the whim part. To those who chose to read amongst the lines laughed, but also in all likelihood stop to ruminate on the message. In his singular way, muggins Twain whitethorn oblige changed the class of kind personality and society with his writings. whole caboodle CitedTwain, Mark. The roll in the hay hornswoggle Stories. tonic York Alfred A. Knopf, 2012. Print.

How Can Alternative Sources of Energy Be Harnessed

How buns utility(a) sources of zippo be tackle effectively? scripted by Jill (Huimei ZHOU) Nowadays, thither be much and to a greater extent option sources of free verve for tribe to use. But in revisal to find these alternative sources of ability effectively, unlike countries deplete different actions ground on their aver instinctive resources. This probe exit expose that how to make total use of zip from different countries viewpoints. Undenied, many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) years ago, a lot of countries save use the fogy fuels to supply the energy that the whole metropolis needs, but forthwith the sources of energy are to a greater extent(prenominal) than before, such as solar energy and biomass.So in this case, many countries endeavour them best to prevail the re tenderable energy to reduce the colony on the conventional energy. Over the goal five years, many European countries agree increased their credence on rescind farms and hydroelect ric dams because of more than than expensive fogey fuels. For example, in Sweden, the urban center Kristiantad is looking into structure satellite bio hired gun plants for far areas and expanding its network of hugger-mugger biogas pipes to allow the locution of more alter stations. 1Besides the European countries, the united States also makes more or less measures to control the renewable energy more effectively. According to the environmental Protection Agency, the linked Sates need to overhaul about 8000 US farms on installing biomass plants. 2 In order to cut pop out costs, a keep down of democracys and companies are considering new investments or programs. They accept to build plants in Calnifornia to turn fundamental waste from farms and gas from water treatment plants into biogas. 3 Because of less natural energy and more expensive fees, this focussing can tending the whole state to meet requirements.Above on these countries methods, we can intelligibly see that different countries have different environments and situations. So if a country indispensableness to harness alternative sources of energy, they should make more reasonable policies depending on their real conditions, which will be more useful. Reference 1Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fogy fuel use1, starting time Book, Paragraph 3. 2Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use1, origin Book, Paragraph 4. 3Using waste, Swedish city cuts its fossil fuel use1, seeded player Book, Paragraph 4.

Most important figure in American History Essay

Most important figure in American History - Essay ExampleAnd it may be truly said, that never did nature and mass combine more perfectly to make a man great - Jefferson (Hawkinson, 2005 243). uppercase served in the American Revolutionary War as a commandant in the Continental Army. He had been appointed in 1775 as Commander-in-Chief of the American revolutionary forces by the Continental Congress. The next year it was due to him that the British were control out of Boston. He also failed New York City that same year plus went across the Delaware River in New Jersey. He astonished and defeated the resistance units. It was because of his tactics that the Revolutionary forces were able to capture the two major British combat armies at Saratoga and Yorktown. When the war was over Washington went back to his reclusive life which prompted the surprised King George III to say, If he does that, he will be the greatest man in the world (Higginbotham, 2001 221).Washington presided over t he Philadelphia host which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of America due to there being mutual discontent with the Articles of Confederation. This happened in 1787 and two years later he became the chairwoman of the country (Freidel, 1994). Following his presidency he set up several customs and a using of the novel governments executive department. Washington attempted at creating a country that would have the capability of surviving in a world that was going down due to the ongoing war between Britain and France. He was in estimation of plans for building a powerful central government which could be done if funded through the national debt, if there was an implementation of an efficient evaluate mechanism, and also through the creation of a national bank. Instead of going for war, Washington peacefully negotiated with Britain through the Jay Treaty in 1795. Washington was in favor of the programs organized by the Federalist Party but never actually joined the grou p. Washington is a great figure in American history and is sensed to be the countrys identification plus said to be republicanism with regard to his practices. The early American politicians admired Washington greatly. He was given the first award of congressional Gold Medal with the Thanks of Congress.Washington expired in the year 1799. Several scholars have named him as one of the greatest Presidents of United States.BiographyWashington was born in the February of 1732 (Leibiger, 2001). His father passed away when he was 11 and his half brother assumed the part of his father. Washington experienced a lot of protectiveness and call for from his mother who did not allow him to join the British navy as Lawrence, his brother, wanted. When Washington was 16 he went on to live with Lawrence on Mount Vernon. He had his schooling at Colonial Virginia but did not go to college.In 1749 Washington became the surveyor for Culpepper County, Virginia. This happened following a trek for Lord Fairfax. From 1752 till 1758 he was in the military after which the Virginia House of Burgesses elected him. His speeches were in opposition to Britains policies. Then he even became a leader in the Association. From 1775-1783 Washington led the Continental Army during the American Revolution after which, in 1787, he was made the president of the Constitutional Convention.Although

The Boer War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Boer War - Research Paper ExampleCompared to the British troops, the Boers were non as disciplined and organized they had no set uniform, and as soon as a confrontation broke out, they immediately gathered up to form a unit and elected a commander. The Boer troops had no proper uniforms or weapons and vastly depended on hunting guns in order to launch an offensive against the well-equipped British troops. Their weapons included field guns and pistols, and they were also armed with shotguns most of the Boer troops often traveled with at least 8 days of supplies. Unlike the British troops, their marksmanship was not the result of intense training regimes, but was learned through experience. The Boers were not soldiers but mere hunters or farmers that earned them the name Boer. The people had no trustworthy access to ammunitions either, and when they ran out of proper weapons, they usually relied on stealing or capturing the weapons of the British.The British had realized that the only way they could subdue their opponent was by contend their formation and not their position which meant that they were trying to cut off their access to their supplies. Any var. of siege had seemed pointless for their excellent marksmanship that made any sort of progression towards their base completely pointless. They even had their ranges marked out with white stones and fired according to them and soon the British troops were ordered to avoid spillage near white stones on the ground. Since the South Africans were devout Christians, many of the people did not believe.

The Effect of Technology on Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Effect of Technology on Business - Essay Example removed(p) people can communicate easier through e-mails, text messages as lots of people carry internet enabled phones around (Aswathappa, 2006, p.296). Through technological communication removed people get in touch in a competent manner. However, it is arguable that this form of communication has led to individuals losing their human touch.Global and national avocation has been made more feasible through technology (Aswathappa, 2006, p.751-61). People can transact all over the world at ease as contrasted to when there was no technology. A good example is how emails can reach other individuals in seconds as opposed to when letters were sent and took long to be delivered. Technology has, consequently, made the world a small village thus, convenient for ancestry persons.The information age has also seen moving ines embrace technological innovations such telefax machines, telephone amongst others (Aswathappa, 2006, p.652). Bus inesses, therefore, become more flexible and efficient and most businesses that embrace the same survive and prosper. This form of technology also increases the pace in which business is conducted, complex business are also possible as novel means of manipulating, cataloging and processing information is possible (Aswathappa, 2006, p.553).Conclusively, it is evident that technology has a bulky effect on the commerce world. The business world today is clearly not the one that existed when technology was lacking. The internet, computers and other technological innovations have made business world easier and more

Frederick Wiseman and Michael Moore Research Paper

Frederick Wiseman and Michael Moore - Rese foul Paper ExampleMichael Moore and Frederick Wiseman have been among the leading proponents of this genre, qualification their documentaries more commercially viable and theatrical-minded. Recent data from the British Film Institute indicates that documentaries released in the UK have increased in number every social class in the past two decades. While only four documentaries were released in 2001, ninety documentaries were released in 2012. Since Michael Moore won the Cannes Palme dor for Fahrenheit 9/11 in 2004, filmmakers arose to the fact that the documentary was commercially viable. This has been attributed to the dearth of realism that pushed a section of the audience towards authentic storytelling, whereas moving away from fictional plots and spectacular visuals. The expertness for documentaries to fill the gaps left by investigative journalism, which is another reason for the interest in documentaries, has been embraced by Micha el Moore and Frederick Wiseman in telling the story from their point of view. ... This allowed the filmmaker to tend away from voice-over narrations and embrace lived experience observation. This recording of the moment and its primacy changed documentary construction (Taylor 1). In his commitment as an observational filmmaker to represent real time, Wiseman presents scenes that appearance time as lived sans the straightforward nature of voice-overs. Wiseman turned to the Silent Ears continuity tradition, building a story that possesses a strong arch while also building scenes with resolution and continuity that push this story arc forward (Films 1). He uses the cutaway in High School to keep progression of a logical dialogue between Michael and Dr. Allen when Michael refuses to accept the punishment handed to him. Using cutaway to Allens ring, Wiseman is able to condense a hazard of this conversation. The condensing technique also happens between a couple of edits where Michael is seen standing before he is seen standing, almost inexplicably. While it is possible to see that Michael has changed his position by doing a camera analysis, the same cannot be deciphered from the conversation, as Wiseman is able to assure continuity. Wiseman links two separate moments for dramatic action and time, as good as to convey what he had understood from the different scenes (Films 1). Similarly, Wiseman uses the same technique in Domestic Violence in order to condense conversation and time. In this case, cutaway works to trim stories and shape them while also maintaining the meaning and impact that the filmmaker intended to convey (McGavin 1). He also uses this technique in order to surprise the audience. In Domestic Violence, particularly in the second half, he allows more time for story development with the camera focused in

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 51

History - Essay ExampleThis alliance was renewed in subsequent years i.e. 1887, 1907 and 1912. On the separate hand, the triple Entente comprised of Great Britain, France and Russia, who were op be to the nations in the triple alliance. France was the first to express its fear of the threats posed by this alliance. Britain also expressed its concern over the developments in the German Navy and in 1904 the two nations entered the entente Cordiale or simply put a friendly understanding. The main objective of this alliance was to promote co-operation against an apparent threat by Germany. Three years following the formation of this alliance Russia fearing the growth of Germany regular army Joined France and Britain to establish the Triple Entente. As opposed to the triple alliance, triple entente did not provide that each nation goes to war on behalf of the others save it maintained that all members uphold a moral obligation to support each other.The First World War which began in the month of August 1914 had both direct and indirect causes. The direct cause was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austria, together with his wife at Sarajevo on 28th June 1914. This event that was linked to Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian revolutionary, yet served as a trigger that set off declarations of the war. However, there are other Arguable causes that includeThe existence of alliances that had been signed by concerned nations in the midst of 1879 and 1914. These alliances carried a significant implication on the later developments since some countries had no otherwise but to declare war in case any of the members retainer declared war first. Such is the case that alliances reflected agreement between two or more nations to support each other whenever a need arises. Imperialism was the other cause and was evidenced by the concerned countries taking over new lands and making them subject to their control. Here, the rival nations

Changing Role of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ever-changing Role of Women - Essay ExampleWhile this unsanded character of women is determined, it is also essential that such an investigative study incorporates the changed contribution of women in various sectors, sections, and nations. Therefore, the efforts to define the new role of women in the modern world should essentially include a research on the changing role of women in every sector and category of social life. This has been the central consideration for the selection of research denominations for this anthology. As the title of this anthology suggests, this needs to be perceived as an attempt to define the changing role of women in the background of sex inequalities and gender role differences which has been a major research point of the feminist theorists in the modern world. It is indisputable that one of the most relevant topics in the modern feminist theory relating to the general theme of gender role and sex inconsistency has been the changing role of women. Therefore, this anthology endeavors to provide with the most accurate materials to conclude on the changing role of women in various sections and categories of modern life. Here, this Anthology by the title Changing Role of Women covers a broad span of articles which are related to the topic-changing role of women through several categories of modern women of various backgrounds. ... He in the article From emancipation to Liberation The Changing role of Women in Turkeys Public Realm which has been the first essay of the anthology, deals with the changed role of women in the public sector of Turkey. According to the article, the change of women in Turkey can be related to a change from emancipation to liberation, i.e. the change has been one of the attitudes mainly. This article introduces the history of the liberation of women in The Republic of Turkey. The article introduces the historical context of womens emancipation in the Republic of Turkey and then discusses how different wo mens groups expanded, transformed or perpetuated the parameters of the public realm with their different, at times patently contradictory, discourses for liberation. The focus of this article is on issues and concerns around which women voiced their differences from the founding fathers who emancipated women, and not on politics in formal political institutions, such as political parties or parliament. (From Emancipation to Liberation The Changing Role of Women in Turkeys Public Realm 107). The republican concept of secularism and nationalism strengthened the feminists of Turkey. In the society, women were provided with a new public space and their gender role was redefined. By taking effort to enforce the womens status, the state actually meant to cultivate nationalistic feeling in the minds of its citizens. sexual urge equality and gender rights were equal and the professionalism of women was supported by the government but they demanded for more rights especially the control up on their sexuality. The feminists were not satisfied those limited rights and tried to engrave the male dominated politics and they started to express their

The role of social classes in the great Gatsby Research Paper

The role of social classes in the great Gatsby - Research Paper ExampleFortunately, he run shorts teeming and starts to live at West Egg (Fitzgerald, 2012). His fight to win back his lover (Daisy) from his current husband, Tom, is used by the author of the novel to represent the role of social class. This portrays the unlikeness between the rich and the poor (two social classes). There is a difference between simply being a rich person (nouveau riche) and being rich and learned (old money), and this means that although Gatsby is rich he cannot fake education or the characteristics of a rich man (Flth, 2013).To begin with, towards the end of this novel, the narrator, Nick, meets the father of Gatsby during arrangements of his funeral. This part reveals how Gatsby had rifle rich and the way his social class had transformed. The father of Gatsby is an old man and was living a very simple life since he was not that rich. The home he is currently living was bought by his son Gatsby. He starts to narrate to Nick how his son when he was young. He explains to him how Gatsby left home at his young age to pursue a better life and he fortunately gained the wealth he dreamed of (Streissguth, 2009).This story enables the story teller to understand that Gatsby had become a very rich man, but still maintained the characters he had before changing his social status, which is very necessary for his character and personality (Svensson, 2012). At some point, the narrator tells Gatsbys father, theyre a rotten crowd youre worth the whole damn bunch put together (p. 44). At this point, Nick is referring to Tom and Daisy. This means that, Tom and Daisy, despite their high social class, they are different from Jay because they are far much behind in damage of behavior and character.Secondly, another part that reveals the role of social class in the novel is when Daisy is driving back home with Jordan and Gatsby and hits a woman. Instead of stopping and valuate the situations, sh e drives away and the

Processing the Crime Scene and Establishing Identity Essay - 3

Processing the Crime Scene and Establishing Identity - Essay ExampleHowever, when using this method the investigator must be careful not to overdevelop the finger prints.2. There are many types of evidence in crime investigation that should be documented, collected and preserve. The impressions much(prenominal) as finger prints and forensic biology such blood, and body fluid must also be collected. The trace evidences and firearms evidences which include gun powder patterns are needed. Lastly, the head teacher documents must be kept safe.When documenting, collecting and preserving evidence of the crime scene we must make sure that we follow local, state and federal laws for collection and admissibility. The evidences such as drugs, paraphernalia or personal property shall be recorded, collected, and safeguarded in presence of a witness. The investigator shall also participate in the scene question to make sure that responsibilities are well communicated especially those that are post-scene. There should also be markings of the detectives because this will be used in trial and this is the charge to prevent any contamination of the evidences and assure that the evidences presented are

Impact of social media on project stake holder management Research Paper

Impact of social media on project stake holder cargon - Research Paper ExampleIt forms an important part that leads to smooth completion of the project that has been undertaken. This is a very important discipline that is mostly addressed by successful people they believe that the opinions and ideas of these stakeholders are very much fruitful for the overall project development and in the majority cases leads to the success of the project rather than failure. There are various reasons that lead to failure of a project however, the factor that is taken into consideration in this research study is the communication factor. An efficient communication platform and coordination are the most important pillars of stakeholder management. As the stakeholders need to be aware of every possible detail of the project so that they are able to contri besidese towards such project so that it results in a success. Social media in the present scenario is not only bounded within Facebook, Twitter, etc., but it has proved itself to be a beneficial tool when there is a requirement to improve upon the level of communication amongst the team members and also amongst all the separate stakeholders who play an important role in the success or failure of a project. There are various approaches in social media platform that helps in enhancing communication and applying such principles in a project helps to manage effectively the stakeholders, facilitates better collaboration, beneficial for problem-solving. Social media as a model helps an individual to counseling on how information is being shared, used and aggregated.

Robert Gagne's Conditions of Learning Research Paper

Robert Gagnes Conditions of Learning - Research Paper ExampleLearning can take ship anywhere and at any time and anyone can be the benefactor of the said learning experience. In this essay, attention go forth be focused on the learning conditions of Robert Gagne who is famous for writing a lovely piece of literature called the Conditions of learning (Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne), 2012). This piece of literature is an educational piece of writing that is too composed of psychological meanings and importance. By analyzing the literature, it can be seen that Robert was of the assumption that in learning, there are different types of learning that do exist and they are in all different. Some people might look at the definition of learning and see that learning is the amassing of facts that is sometimes are different while at other times are the same type of knowledge. In the journal, there are different types and levels of learning that bring about the accumulation of knowledge . From the journal, it is grave not to clear Gagne as an individual with the need for perfection (Conditions of Learning (R. ... Again from the journal, Gagne identifies that for to each one category, there is the need for certain conditions, both internal and external which differ from each other that is needed in order to have a meaningful learning experience (Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne), 2012). At such a burden, it is not hard to figure out where Gagne is heading. From his journal, it is safe to assume that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction in that for certain categories of learning to proceed as aforethought(ip) like say cognitive strategies, there has to be a certain gap in which one can practice the development of new solutions that will solve certain problems. There has to be a chance in which one can learn new attitudes of coping with learning and how to find their dash around problems. While taking a look at learning in general, it is ass umed that in whichever way that an individual gets the knowledge, it has fulfilled its part. From Gagnes point of view which many might find interesting learning occurs best when a certain number of tasks are done in a headspring organized and efficient manner (Conditions of Learning (R. Gagne), 2012). From the journal, there are certain things that cause the concentration of an individual to be at its best. Such things are influenced by stimulus, response generation, following of procedure, the use of certain terminologies, certain discriminatory ways, and formation of concepts, application of a said or written rule and the general head of solving problems. When the things concerning learning are placed in an orderly manner, in that they are arranged in a hierarchical way, they give rise to the frequently needed knowledge of how information is accumulated. The main work of the system of hierarchy

Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Team - Essay ExampleSocial groups of relative similarities functioned and develop them avouch system of values and accordance making them united in their own concept and apart from the other social groups. Thus with this concept, pagan diversity has predominantly existed as how society themselves strive and develop to the headland of their current state.However, this connatural and basically natural concept in the society has been always a massive hindrance for the establishment of social unity and uniformity especially on the principal level of a team. Since the team-building concepts main agenda is the establishment of a uniting factor and bond among its members, their own personal and cultural diversity has always been a challenge for the said aim. Common problems and challenges such as uniqueness in the dominant language, dissimilarities with social norms and acceptable principles, differences concerning perception and opinions, and others oft become a problem in the team-bu ilding picture. In general, diversity produces stratification and division thus unification is being hindered. Indeed, cultural diversity in the aspect of team building is one of its main weaknesses.However, cultural diversity in a certain team can also serves as its potential authority producing advantages apart from its common disadvantages. Having a culturally diversified group is also beneficial because it can basically cover much more grounds than groups of solely single culture. This concept is true because having a multicultural society in a single group will produce more and significantly antithetical opinions and ideas and with the merging of these different ideas, a single group can produce a statement or an idea that is generally valid since it actually addresses point of views from each culture. It is like having a representative from each culture joining together to create a concept that will unify their principles and eliminate their differences. In

BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY (GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK) Research Paper

BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY (GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK) - Research motif ExampleThe Blue Ridge Parkway is a carefully designed get toscape that has been set in a narrow corridor of a protected land estimated to be about 88,000 acres (Whisnant 2). As the name suggests, it is a way through a parkland with boundaries surrounding the entire landscape designed to pitch and protect the Pathway. The park is owned and managed by the topic Park Service system of the American public and is also the key component of the larger southerly Appalachian park complex. The Blue Ridge Parkway is known to be an Americas most favorite drive that spans over 400 miles from Shenandoah valley in Virginia to the Smoky Mountains of North Carolina (Karen 2).It is the second most visited National Park Services unit and annually welcomes over one million visitors (Reco 2). The park connects Shenandoah National Park in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Cherokee. It I also fed all round by several e xits and entrances at all major federal and state highways extending even to towns and communities surrounding the region. Along the Blue Bridge Parkway are major cities like Boone, Asheville, NC, Roanoke, and VA. From its time of construction, the park still evolves through a dynamic increase of relationships in different facets. For instance, there is a continuous change in the landowners, the surrounding communities, and the public (Whisnant 2). winding its way through 12 Virginia and 17 North California counties, it is characterized by beautiful and uncountable Appalachian landscapes. It is also surrounded by numerous communities with a indistinct impact on their social, economic, and cultures. The construction of the Pathway was a product of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Great Depressions New Deal Programs to provide employment to the commonwealth to boost the economy of the United States. As the primary

Policy review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policy review - Essay Example2006 1). Perioperative environment area is the sterile area that should be emancipate of the transmittance-causing bacteria. Therefore preventing cross transmission of the MRO must be addressed in all perioperative settings including, day surgery, the surgical ward, the holding area, the surgery suite, and the PACU. It is the responsibility of all healthcare staff to protect themselves and their surgical patients from contracting MRO infections. The Infection Control Policy Prevention and instruction of Multi-Resistant Organisms (MRO), a policy directive of the NSW Department of Health, or PD2007_084 would accept all health workers in the prevention and management of MRO. The content of document, PD2007_084, the NSW Department of Health policy directive which is the Infection Control Policy Prevention and Management of Multi-Resistant Organism (MRO) outlined the roles and responsibilities of healthcare staffs by highlighting the everyday and specifi c measures that should be observed as type practices in all healthcare units. The general measures refer to infection have measures, use of antimicrobials, and environmental cleaning. Specific measures included surveillance of MRO, screening patients and healthcare workers for MRO, risk categorisation of patients and healthcare workers for MRSA, decolonisation and unclutter a patient of MRSA, and risk categorisation of patient care area. Guidelines on specimen collection, decolonisation protocol for MRSA, and relevant readings are also included in this policy. Lee and Bishop (2002273-274) stated that nosocomial infections are grouped into two categories exogenous infections and endogenous infections. Exogenous infections refer to those infections from the hospital environment, staff, other patients and visitors. Endogenous infections are serve by microorganism in the patients own normal flora, including hospital strains. Lee and Bishop (2002 274-275) also stated that the Austral ian survey showed a higher(prenominal) prevalence of nosocomial infections in large teaching hospitals because they usually have a large reservoir of infection in intensive care unit, work burns unit and in transplant operations facilities. In Australia, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of controlling and managing infection control in the youthful years. All staffs are responsible to control hospital infection by observing the infection control policies and guidelines (Lee and Bishops, 2002 276). Purpose of the Policy The purpose of infection control policy is primarily the prevention and management of MRO in healthcare facilitates so as to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers through the implementation of routine and standard practices of preventing and controlling the risk of transmission and colonisation of infectious agents. This will prevent fatal illness or death from MRO infection, prolonged hospital stays, readmissions, and additiona l diagnostic and treatment cost associated with such infectious contamination. Implementation would thereby improve the delivery of healthcare services and protect the lives of both patients and healthcare workers. The purpose of infection control policy is not only for the prevention and management of multi-resistant organism in the perioperative environment but also in every aspect of the

Evaluative Report to Support a Marketing Environment Essay

Evaluative Report to Support a Marketing Environment - Essay ExampleJack Cohen in eastern United States end of London started Tesco in 1919. It started when Jack Cohen began to sell surplus grocery from a stall in east London. It become a private extra company in 1932 and two years later the company built its headquarter and a w arhouse. Later in 1947 its stocks were floated on the stock exchange and in 1956 it opened its first self-service supermarket. By 1995 Tesco had become the world leading retailer and a year later it launched a 24 hours trading. Currently Tesco operates in 14 markets across Europe, Asia, and North America. Tesco UK is the largest of the Tesco businesses contributing to oer 60% of the free radicals sales and profits. Its plan to build a better Tesco focuses on sextuplet key elements that are service & staff, stores and formats, price & value, Range & quality, Brand & Marketing and Clicks & Bricks (Tesco 2012).Through out(p) this report, we will be underpinn ing our empirical finding from our research with the theory from divers(a) appropriate literatures. We will show how practices on these two retail volcanos correspond to the available theory of marketing practice available in various marketing literature. Moreover, we will also show how some of the practices in these two retail outlets deviate from the available theory of marketing and management.... Moreover these new technologies has enabled this retail outlet to make its retail transactions more efficient by reducing the delay in which the customers are served thus improving the retail productivity of these organization. Moreover, I found out that the two retail outlets piddle started to practice online retailing where customers are required to place their orders on the organizations website and then after paying for the products they have delivered to their homes. In a consumer oriented organization such as a retail organization, to gain a competitive advantage the business has to ensure that customers are served better as compared to their competitors (Cant 2004). In these two retail outlets, I found out that the service to the customers is the key objective of every employee. I found out that employees are placed in almost every subsection of the retail shop to assist the customer in case of any need. This actually has secernate this retail outlet from their competitors and thus making them to have a competitive advantage in the areas where they are located. According to Dahlen et al. (2010), brand positioning for retailer brands involves the mark and implementation of a retail mix to create an image of the retailer in the customers mind relative to its competitors. Using the quality and the attractiveness of the product these group of retailers put in its retail outlets, it has helped them in the brand positioning. As revealed by the information which I received from several customers that I talked to most of the customers have a very good image o f this retail outlets. This kind of positioning that this retail outlets have employed have helped them to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors and thus

Teen angst monologue Essay Example for Free

Teen angst monologue EssayI dont get it, why is it when you become a adolescent everything gets so complicated and baffling? I mean, why are we sibylline to know how to wear make up, get on diets, wear tight clothing, entertain our calorie intake and the list goes on and on and on. Is at that place some unwritten law that when you become a teenager you move into the realm of alienation? Well its as if Im on one crazy roller coaster ride thats taking forever to end. Think about it Youre supposed to party in enounce to be cool, listen to songs with lyrics fill up with one word repeated over and over again like the baby baby baby song and whats with Kesha, no one wakes up in the morning and feel like p diddy and you definitely dont brush your teeth with some jack daniels. Hold on, jack daniels is a person right? Huh? (break) Hang on let me google it.Oh jack daniels is brand of some hard liquor. How can you feel like a g6? Ugh and things dont stop there, Im supposed to wash my face BEFORE I exercise to prevent build-up. No, Im supposed to wash my face AFTER I exercise to prevent break-outs. Im NOT mantic to eat coffee tree because it causes pimples. Wait, Im SUPPOSED to eat chocolate before I take a test, because its great, brain food. Scratch that, I guess dark chocolate is an exception. Then again, Im SUPPOSED to have lots of foods hat are rich in iron to help my circulation. Hold on, now, Im NOT SUPPOSED to have a lot of iron because it prevents my body from absorbing calcium properly.When Im at schooling I feel like Im in dire need of more vacations scarcely by the time the school gives out one long summer vacation it feels like I cant wait to get back to school even with the reason of only pauperisming to go meet my friends. I love my parents but there are times when I just want to avoid them and lock myself inside my room for days. The dillemas that I face on a daily basis like what outfits to wear, yesterday it looked as if my closet was filled with clothes but today when I tried to find the right outfit, my closet looked emptyThere was that one quote that says the hardest part about cosmos a teenager is dealing with other teenagers the criticism and the ridicule, the gossip and rumors. That quote is so true because backstabbers are everywhere but if there werent any backstabbers indeed I wouldnt know who my real friends are. And real friends are really hard to find, its like a finding a needle inside a haystack. Boys boys boys, what else is there to say? Phewww how did we all deal with heartaches and heartbreaks? People avoid you for being too innocent and so that means theyre more attracted to dirtiness? Ew why is the orbit so upside down? Wow, if I can survive being a confused teenager I think I can attractive much survive anything

Enron Corporation Essay Example for Free

Enron Corporation EssayI The BeginningWhen Enron Corporation declared a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2001, it left the public especially its investors and stockholders reeling from such monetary s hindquartersdal and collapse. Enron had allegedly overstated its profits by $586 million since 1997 in vagabond to protect the firms balance sheet and practice sessiond insider barter as tumesce snake oil and conspiracy.Enron had been the seventh largest family in the unify States and had been one of the largest financial contributors to the Presidential elections, especially the Bush family. To the outside world, Enron portrayed a picture of success. However, upon closure inspection on the inside, Enron was on the brink of collapse.When Enrons stock footing hit its highest at $90, the executives who allegedly knew of the offshore accounts of Enron started selling their respective shares and to encouraged the public to continue buying the said stocks. However, the execut ives knew that the stock prices would non increase anymore but still reassured the public and its investors that the prices of stock would reach a high $130-140 per share. By August 2001, Enrons stock prices had dropped from $90 to a measly $42. It became evident that the gild had fraudulently induced and fooled the public, investors and stockholders to buying the companys stocks and shares.Amidst all these, Enron founder and former chairman Kenneth point move to reassure the public to remain calm, and asked the investors to buy the companys shares as the company will regain its profits in the succeeding months. Nonetheless, in October of 2001, the stocks plunged to $15 but the investors saw this as an opportunity to buy Enron stocks at such low prices. But the truth almost the companys financial rest became public and the stock price finally hit rock bottom at $1 per share.II Basis of the ChargesStockholders and investors gathered and instituted a class-action suit against En ron and its officers in order to recover the millions of investment they made on Enron as result of the treacherously representation and fraud by the company. Enron top executives specifically its Chief administrator Officers, Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling were charged and convicted with the collapse of the might giant. Kenneth Lay faced seven counts of fraud and conspiracy while Skilling faced 31 counts of fraud, conspiracy, insider traffic and lying to auditors about Enrons financial position.In 1987, Enron auditors found out a billion-dollar oil trading scandal in its New York offices. Traders had been act in this kind of practice falsifying transactions in order to boost their volume and profit thereby fattening their bonuses as well. Although CEO Kenneth Lay knew of this, he did not perk up the traders nor contacted the authorities in order to cover up their problems. But this incident did not deter the traders and six months later, competitors began to grow suspiciou s because if word got out, Enrons trading sectionalizationners could have demanded that the company cover its positions with cash, which the company did not have (Fowler). Thus, the traders were fired and charged but not until they were capable to transfer million of dollars into their personal accounts. Enron for its part was able to get away by bluffing the securities industry and reported $85 million in loss but sources claim that the loss totalled to at least(prenominal) $135 million.CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who joined Enron in 1990, did not care much about the expenses incurred by the company as long as the margins looked good. He was overly more concerned with the receiptss increases and widening profit margins instead of the cash flows which was practiced by his predecessor. So enamoured were the top executives in increasing business profit that when a deal failed or fell apart, more effort was placed into hiding the consequences instead of rectifying and owning up to the p roblem. After taking over as captain direct officer, he renewed the almost non-existent post of chief financial officer and delegated many of the management responsibilities.In theory, Enron had mechanisms that would assess risk and accurately report financial numbers. These mechanisms required that deals should be strictly analyzed which included review by the legal department of the originating unit, the corporate legal department, chief risk officer and chief accounting officer. However, callable to the insidious practice of the company, auditors and accountants were bullied to over ride the system and departments were able to determine the total value of their proposals by manipulating the long-term price of any(prenominal) product was sold or bought. The company also used a mark-to-market accounting system pushed by Skilling which allows a company to report as electric current revenue the total value of a deal over its projected lifetime (Fowler). This system made earning a ppear good which in turn manage up the stock prices and increased the value of stocks which executives received as bonuses.III TrialAs the stunned investors witnessed Enrons stock prices plunged, the government began a commodious crackdown on the executives who were responsible for the collapse of the company, and would end up in the conclusion of convincing and proving to the jury that Lay and Skilling, the two top executives of the company, where guilty of massive fraud and were thus guilty.Government prosecutors were at first overwhelmed with the girth of the corporate fraud. Nevertheless, they began to take measures to respond to these kinds of crimes and a barrage of felon and civil investigations and prosecutions began to surface. Thus, in 2002, the Presidential incarnate Fraud Task Force filed criminal charges against more than 900 defendants, of which 60 are chief executive or president level and success richly prosecuted or convicted five hundred of them.The case again st Lay and Skilling were heard by US District Judge Sim Lake and lasted nearly four months while the jury deliberated for six days. The defense counsel initially attempted to persuade the judge to move the trial away from Houston, Enrons hometown as they were afraid that the jury might be influenced by anger due to the resulting loss of jobs and money and would see them as a way of revenge.Kenneth Lay faced seven counts of fraud and conspiracy fraud and conspiracy while Skilling on the other hand, faced 31 counts of fraud, conspiracy, insider trading and lying to auditors about Enrons financial position. Although both asserted their innocence of the charges against them, they were convicted for a total of 29 criminal counts as well as conspiracy to hide the failing health of the company by selling boosterich optimism to Wall Street and the public (MSNBC).Lay, who was convicted to 6 counts of conspiracy, securities and cable fraud in the corporate trial and 4 counts on separate pers onal banking trial, surrendered his passport and posted a $5 million bond secured by the family. His sentence also carried a maximum penalty of 45 years in prison for the corporate trial while 120 years in personal trial respectively. Skilling on the other hand, was convicted by 19 counts out of the 28 charged as well as one count of insider trading while being acquitted with the remaining charges.The charges against these Enron top executives prospered as other executives turned the table and plead guilty in their respective charges in order to receive lower sentences than that prescribed. Among the former employees who testified against Lay and Skilling was Ben Glisan who is now serving a 5-year prison sentence subsequently pleading guilty to a charge of conspiracy. fit to Glisan, both Lay and Skilling knew that the company was in deep financial trouble but tried to hide it instead.Ultimately, the jury rejected Skillings defense that no fraud happened at Enron save for those com mitted by a number of executives skimming millions in secret side deals, while bad publicity and misfortunate market confidence resulted in the collapse of the energy giant.III. Effects of the Enron CollapseAs the jurors found that these once-wealthy and powerful executives repeatedly lied to cover up the truly position of the company by covering up accounting and auditing failures which eventually led to its collapse in 2001, the left a devastating effect in the business world as well as the lives of the investors and shareholders. The demise of Enron wiped out more than $60 billion in market value, almost $2.1 billion in retirement savings and costs more than 5,600 to lose their jobs. The anger of the public over the recent corporate scandals led to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which was designed to make company executives more accountable.Although public distrust for white-collar trial could not actually reverse the damage done to investor confidence, the Lay and Skil ling trial however has become a start of a healing process for public-investor relations to be righted again.IV timothy BeldenApart from the other key witnesses who were former Enron employees and who testified against the top two Enron officials, Timothy Belden particularly made the charges against Lay and Skilling stick, ending in their conviction. Belden who was the first person to be charged in the manipulation of Western Energy markets, initially engaged in lengthy dance with federal officials over his plea and eventual cooperation in testifying against Lay and Skilling. He pleaded guilty in 2002 to conspiracy and admitted that he gave false information to Californias electrical grid operators. Belden is also said to be the mastermind behind the strategies described in memos that spelled out how Enron manipulated the California market (Schreiber).Beginning in the mid-nineties, California was among the first states to deregulate electricity. The deregulating occurred just as wh en companies were leaving the state in numbers thereby creating a recession. The deregulation was supposed to reduce the ten percent of the tax payers bill while breaking the old methods of greedy companies. As California deregulated the wholesale side of its energy markets, it also kept price caps in the retail side. It coincided with the States decision to bar utilities from signing long-term cheap fixed prices which forced them to into an capricious market. Thus, the utilities were made to pay exorbitant prices but were not able to pass on to their consumers the prices they incurred. Enron promised to deliver power more efficiently and build new plants that can run on cheaper fuels.Commencing in 1998 until 2001, Belden as well as other executives from Enron devised a fraudulent scheme in order to obtain increased revenue for Enron from wholesale electricity consumers and other market participants in the State of California. The schemes perpetrated by Belden and the other Enron e xecutives required them to submit false information to the companies supplied by Enron and misrepresented the temper of electricity which the company was supposed to supply. Despite being paid to relieve congestion, the company however, did not do so and instead imported as well as exported electricity in order to receive higher prices from the companies they supply.Of particular interest in the course of the trial is a transcript of conversation mingled with Belden and one of the operators of the power plant wherein the two discussed shutting down one of Reliants power plants in California to create a paucity in order for the prices to skyrocket. As the scheme worked, causing the power prices to arrive at high and unjust levels in California, it thereby became illegal under the federal Energy Policy Act.In his testimony, he called Californias post-deregulation power market dysfunctional and said his company bought cheap electricity in the northwest to sell in California at a p rofit (Baker). This practice created the appearance among consumers that there was shortage of electricity, thereby having the need to jack up the prices. Enron was able to pocket off almost $1 billion in a period of nine months in 2000 and 2001. Belden admitted however, that he only met with Lay and Skilling once during a colleagues party. But nevertheless, Beldens testimony proved to be a very crucial one as it confirmed and proved that Lay and Skilling knew of what was happening in California but turned to hide it instead.As company vice-president and head of Enrons West Coast trading operation, Belden supervised a staff of 120 that went from $50 million in earnings in 1999 to $800 million in 2001, while Californias power markets disintegrated into panic and sky-high prices. When one of Enrons lawyers started investigating these irregularities as a response to the investigation conducted by the California Public Utility Commission.The lawyers found out of Enrons tactic of using return of the energy crisis and revealed through a memo that Enron created false congestion lines, transferred energy in and out of state to avoid price caps and charged for services the company never actually provided (Swartz). And yet, inspite of the information the lawyer gave to the top executives, and traders have been told to return the money made on improper trading, the executives at Enron still decided against it contempt knowing that the practice was illegal. For Belden and the other traders, sending the money back would mean that the other companies will know what Enron was doing. Nevertheless, Belden and Enron continued on with the practice. Skilling, on the other hand, fully knew well of the said practice by the company in 2001 as he was already tipped by one of the executives who learned of the previous investigation.During examination, Belden admitted to US District Judge Martin Jenkins that he did it because he was trying to maximize profit for Enron. Belden claimed that he was only following Enrons instructions as he handled his trades (CBS News). accord to Beldens counsel, Enron knew fully well of Beldens action but was never disciplined nor sanctioned at all. In fact, Belden may have reaped bonus for such practice as revenues from his trading unit climbed from $50 million in 1999 to $500 million in 2000 to $800 million in 2001. When he was charged with conspiracy, Belden after a long time of dealing and negotiating with the federal government, decided to turn against Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling, claiming that the two top executives knew of the practice he and other traders did as indicated by the internal company memos which described how Enron took power out of California at a time of rolling blackouts and shortages and how it sold out of state to elude price caps (CBS News).